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At present, the construction of green mines is no longer a simple mine restoration, but the optimization of the comprehensive benefits of resources, environment, economy and society in the whole life cycle of mines. As a vivid practice of the concept of green development and the "two mountains theory" in the mining industry, over the past 10 years, China's green mine construction has been actively explored in accordance with local conditions, and a number of replicable and popularized resource green development and industrial green development models have been formed. it has promoted the transformation of China's mines from heavy resource development to equal emphasis on resources and environment. At present, 953 mines in China have been included in the national green mine list and are subject to social supervision. Of course, there is no lack of typical demonstration significance will be declared national green mine enterprises. In order to create a strong atmosphere for green mine construction, excavate typical examples and form a demonstration, a column of "National Green Mine Construction Tour" will be set up from this issue to focus on the experience, practices, mature models and typical achievements of green mine construction. Please note!
"Salt lake is a resource in Qinghai and a strategic resource for the country. The salt lake circular economy is a development path to be taken by the whole country, and Qinghai should do a good job in the circular economy and comprehensive utilization of resources to play an exemplary role in the whole country. We should do a good job in the development and utilization of resources on the premise of protecting the ecological environment."
On August 22, 2016, when General Secretary Xi Jinping inspected the Chaerhan Salt Lake, he highly affirmed and recognized the construction of salt lake green mines, the promotion of salt lake resources and their comprehensive utilization, and the exploration of circular economy models, and put forward new hopes and requirements.
Chaerhan Salt Lake
Four years have passed. As the second batch of national green mine pilot enterprises, Chaerhan Salt Lake has kept its mission in mind, lived up to its trust, and was successfully promoted to a national green mine.
An Oasis in the Gobi Desert
Great beauty Qinghai, beauty in July, green in the salt lake.
In mid-July, when a reporter from China Mining News came to the potassium-magnesium salt mining area of Chaerhan Salt Lake, he saw piles of gorgeous white salt flowers, vibrant wetlands, groups of birds flying happily, and groups of fish playing in the lake, there was a feeling of being separated from the world: is this really the legendary Chaerhan Salt Lake built on a barren land?
The potassium-magnesium salt deposit of Chaerhan Salt Lake is located in the central part of Qaidam Basin. The mining area is located in the inland Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The climate is a typical arid desert continental climate. The climate is dry, windy all year round, less rainfall, large evaporation, low air pressure, large daily temperature difference, and strong ultraviolet rays. What is even more frightening is that the Chaerhan Salt Lake area is saline soil, nearly 10,000 square kilometers without vegetation projects, and the natural landscape is extremely monotonous.
Qinghai Salt Lake Industry Co., Ltd. is developing potassium resources here, making the original desert salt-alkali beach an industrial land. Although it has changed the state of land use, it is difficult to change the local ecological environment.
"The mining area is located in the salt chemical deposition plain formed by the concentrated crystallization of brine, which is an extremely arid environment. The surface and underground within a certain depth range are large-scale distribution of stone saline soil and intercrystalline brine, and there is no soil and water conditions for plant survival. Therefore, there is no vegetation growth on the surface of the mining area, and there is no animal distribution accordingly, and the habitat conditions are harsh." When the person in charge of the mine talked about the development of salt lake resources, he still "love and hate". According to him, "without underground brine, there would be no salt lake, and it would not be called a 'cornucopia. But it is also because of the abundance of underground brine that the present desert salt flats have been formed, and it is difficult for animals and plants to grow, with only very few drought-resistant, saline-alkali reeds growing in the surrounding areas of the mining area."
The development of mineral resources may disturb the environment, and can also reshape or even improve the ecological environment. After entering the Chaerhan Salt Lake, the company will scientifically develop and efficiently use the salt lake resources, while ecology is paramount, and effectively protect and improve the living environment.
As early as 2008, the company compiled the "Mining Mine Environmental Protection and Comprehensive Management Plan", and based on this, it formulated practical environmental protection measures to effectively protect the key parts of environmental protection in the mining area, especially The protection of mining resources and some important facilities such as the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, expressways, and transmission lines has been strengthened.
In 2018, they re-compiled the "Mine Geological Environment Protection and Land Reclamation Plan". According to the "Plan", backfilling and restoration will be carried out after the mine is closed. At the same time, the greening of the salt lake community and the southern edge of the mining area will be carried out step by step and in stages. The cultivation of "artificial wetlands" achieves "protection in development and development in protection", so that the barren ecological environment around the salt lake can be improved.
In order to fully obtain the resource change characteristics of the mining area in different periods and establish a relatively complete dynamic monitoring network for the mining area, they dynamically monitor the brine water level, water quality, environment and resource changes in the mining area, and regularly monitor the prone geological disaster areas, landforms and landscapes, and land resources in combination with remote sensing image technology, so as to provide a basis for the company to fully control the project implementation, study countermeasures, implement macro control and effectively protect the ecological environment.
No matter how beautiful the white salt flowers are, they will get tired of it, and the vast Gobi will get tired of it. In order to improve the environment of the mining area, they also closely combined with the local climate and soil reality, carried out scientific and technological research on ecological restoration technology, and developed or introduced plant species adapted to saline-alkaline soil. At the same time, additional construction of some artificial lakes and other man-made projects to create a small environment in the mining area and improve the working and living environment of employees.
"Only by creating a small environment in the mining area and making the barren salt lake green, beautiful and rich can employees live and work in peace and contentment. By building artificial wetlands and artificial lakes, we can make the water light up, grass grows, fish grows, and birds follow, and the ecological environment of the originally barren mining area becomes rich and colorful." The person in charge of the company said excitedly.
Comprehensive utilization cast "kernel"
As a large agricultural country, our country has a strong dependence on potash fertilizer. At the same time, my country is also a potassium-deficient country, and it is urgent to improve the production capacity of potash fertilizer to better serve and support agricultural production.
In this "dilemma" situation, how to drain the salt lake resources and make the limited resources play an unlimited role is more important.
"Building ecological mines and making good use of salt lake resources are not only the essential requirements of green mine construction, but also the concrete embodiment of supporting and serving agricultural production. It is a major event that benefits the country and the people." The head of the company said.
Over the years, they have put the efficient development and utilization of resources as the top priority, compiled a comprehensive utilization plan for salt lake resources, coordinated the layout in the development of salt lake resources, and adhered to green development and efficient utilization in accordance with the policy of "potassium-based, comprehensive utilization", Committed to promoting the advancement of mining technology, promoting the improvement of the "three rates" level, and realizing the reuse of low-and medium-grade difficult-to-developed solid potassium ore and associated mineral resources, the discharge of tailings and tail liquid is effectively reduced. The utilization rate of solid tail salt reaches 100, the recycling rate of beneficiation mother liquid is 100, and the recycling rate of old brine is 100.
In particular, the 4Use resource comprehensive utilization model they created has brought the efficient use of salt lake resources to the extreme. Through scientific planning, dynamic monitoring and the application of reverse flotation cold crystallization technology, the efficient utilization of potassium salt was realized; through the research and development of solid potassium ore immersion dissolution conversion technology, the comprehensive utilization of difficult-to-use low-grade potassium ore and tailings was realized; by returning salt pan old brine to the mining area to prepare solvent-dissolved solid potassium ore, the recycling of tail liquid is realized.
It is understood that the company's technology for the development and utilization of low-grade difficult-to-use ore-solid potash ore dissolution and transformation technology has been successfully applied to the area of about 200 square kilometers enriched in solid potash ore in the Beiletan mining area, resulting in the dissolution and mining of solid potash ore in the area and the addition of 1 million tons of potash fertilizer. At present, this technology has been applied to the development of resources in the mining area on the north bank of Dabsun Lake, Mahai Salt Lake, Great Salt Beach Salt Lake and Xitai Salt Lake. The comprehensive utilization technology of co-associated ore-electrolytic method to produce magnesium metal effectively solves the problem of old halogen purification and dehydration. At the end of 2016, the company produced the first piece of brine electrolytic metal magnesium ingot, which enabled the utilization rate of symbiotic magnesium chloride resources produced by the 1 million-ton potash fertilizer project to reach 5.8 from 0 to, reduced the discharge of tail liquid by 1.16 million tons per year, and realized the recycling of brine resources from old brine waste to brine resources. Co-associated ore comprehensive utilization technology-adsorption method to produce lithium carbonate technology, is to salt lake brine salt field beach sun in the process of producing carnallite tail liquid old brine as raw material, the use of adsorption method to extract lithium, overcome the adsorption method engineering technology, developed a new adsorption tower. The completion of a lithium carbonate plant with an annual output of 10000 tons has promoted the comprehensive utilization of salt lake lithium resources and the construction of a 100 billion yuan lithium industrial base in Qinghai. The completion and commissioning of the project has enabled the resource utilization rate of the old brine in the Chaerhan Salt Lake to reach 15% from 0.
"The 4Use model makes the comprehensive utilization of salt lake resources in China stand at the commanding heights of the development of the world's salt lake industry. This kind of from one-time mining of raw materials to multiple utilization, cascade utilization, to the reuse and recycling of tail liquid and tailings, and the regeneration and conversion of difficult-to-use minerals, will be 'circulation' fully integrated into the natural ecology." The head of the company said.
In addition, the company also attaches great importance to the comprehensive utilization of solid tail salt resources. They used the high sodium and low potassium ore in the sodium salt pool in the front section, invested 0.25 billion yuan, and adopted a rolling development mode to build a new potash fertilizer production plant with an annual output of 400000 tons. Using low potassium tail salt discharged from the processing workshop and low potassium waste salt in the sodium salt pool, they invested 0.26 billion yuan to build a high-quality potassium chloride production plant with an annual output of 100000 tons. The potassium in the solid tail salt produces high-purity potassium salt by thermal dissolution recrystallization method, which has achieved good economic and ecological benefits.
"We have made major breakthroughs in the exploitation and comprehensive utilization of resources by relying on technological innovation and research and development. Through the construction of the first and second phases of the comprehensive utilization of salt lake resources and the integrated project of metal magnesium, the associated resources magnesium, sodium, lithium, etc. have been comprehensively utilized on a large scale, forming a complete industrial chain closely integrating the resources of the Qaidam Basin. The project construction has achieved environmental protection, cleanliness, and no" three wastes "emissions. Qinghai green ecological industrial chain and my country's salt lake resource efficient development industrial chain network and salt chemical system structure have been constructed, A demonstration industrial base for comprehensive utilization of potassium, magnesium, sodium, lithium, boron and chlorine resources has been built to guide and promote the sustainable, healthy and coordinated development of salt lake mineral resources in China." The head of the company said.
Ecological cycle wins the future
The construction of green mine is a realistic choice to improve the strategic guarantee ability of mineral resources based on the domestic, and it is an inevitable requirement for building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. The environment-friendly must start from the construction of ecological green circular economy model.
Over the years, the company has built the Chaerhan Industrial Park in the Qaidam Circular economy Experimental Zone in accordance with the industrial development model of "low energy consumption, low emissions, high efficiency and sustainability". It has realized the coupling and circulation of salt lake chemical industry, coal chemical industry, natural gas chemical industry, metal smelting and other industries. According to rough statistics, in the past 10 years, the company has invested as much as 2.1 billion yuan in the construction of environmental protection facilities, upgrading technical transformation, energy conservation and emission reduction, built five key environmental protection facilities and environmental protection infrastructure of various devices, and upgraded more than 40 existing pollution control facilities. the annual operating cost of environmental protection facilities has reached more than 0.15 billion yuan, and with the continuous development of enterprises, the national ecological governance requirements continue to improve, environmental protection investment is also increasing.
Especially in recent years, on the basis of the traditional 3R (reduction
"Through the construction of 4R1E ecological green circular economy model, we have cultivated new business formats, practiced the concept that green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains, and realized the simultaneous and coordinated development of salt lake resources development and tourism industry. At present, salt lake eco-tourism, industrial tourism, popular science tourism and cultural tourism are constantly being upgraded, forming an integrated development model of ecological production and life in the plateau salt desert area, realizing a multi-industry and win-win situation." The person in charge of the company introduced.
Green in Qinghai, beauty in the salt lake. When the reporter gradually moved away from the Chaerhan Salt Lake mining area, looked back at the clusters of salt flowers again and appreciated the blue sky and white clouds on the lake, he knew the real meaning.
Website Editor: Gong Li
