07
2023
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12
Deep Discussion on Main Steps of Underground Mining
Underground mining refers to the process of mining mineral resources from deep underground by digging underground roadways. Underground mining is widely used in the mining of all kinds of mineral resources, such as metal ore, coal and so on. In the process of underground mining, mining engineers need to fully consider geological conditions, mineral types, mining safety and other factors to ensure the smooth progress of mining operations and the efficient use of resources.
1. Introduction
Underground mining refers to the process of mining mineral resources from deep underground by digging underground roadways. Underground mining is widely used in the mining of all kinds of mineral resources, such as metal ore, coal and so on. In the process of underground mining, mining engineers need to fully consider geological conditions, mineral types, mining safety and other factors to ensure the smooth progress of mining operations and the efficient use of resources.
2. underground mining process
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pre-harvest preparation
Pre-mining preparation is an important part of underground mining, including geological exploration, ore body delineation, production prospecting and so on. The purpose of geological exploration is to understand the shape, grade and distribution of the ore body, and to provide basic data for subsequent mining design. Ore body delineation is based on geological exploration results, the ore body is divided into multiple stope, to provide a basis for subsequent mining operations. Prospecting is to further understand the ore body in the stope and to support the development of a specific mining plan.
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Development Scheme
The pioneering program is a key link in underground mining, and its purpose is to form a mine and transportation channel for subsequent mining operations. The design of the development plan needs to consider various factors such as topography, geological structure, and hydrological conditions. According to different geological conditions and mining requirements, the development plan can take different ways, such as adit development, inclined shaft development, vertical shaft development, etc.
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mining method
The mining methods of underground mining mainly include empty field mining method, caving mining method, filling mining method and so on. The empty field mining method is suitable for mining solid ore bodies with high mining efficiency, the caving mining method is suitable for mining easily caved ore bodies with high flexibility, and the filling mining method is suitable for mining precious metals or high-grade ore with high recovery rate. In the actual mining process, the appropriate mining method should be selected according to the specific conditions of the ore body.
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support technology
In the process of underground mining, in order to ensure the stability and safety of stope and transportation roadway, support operation is needed. Common support technologies include metal supports and concrete supports. The selection of suitable support technology needs to be comprehensively considered according to the specific mine conditions and mining requirements.
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Waterproof measures
Groundwater influx is easy to occur in the process of underground mining, so it is necessary to take effective waterproof measures. Waterproof measures mainly include setting waterproof doors, laying waterproof blankets, building waterproof walls, etc. In the process of underground mining, we should pay close attention to the changes of groundwater conditions, and adjust waterproof measures in time to ensure the safety of mining operations.
3. Typical Case Analysis
Taking the underground mining of a gold mine as an example, the gold mine adopts open field mining method and wooden support. In the pre-mining preparation stage, the shape and distribution of the ore body are understood through geological exploration, and the ore body is divided into multiple stope. In the design of the development plan, the development mode of the adit was selected according to the topography and geological conditions. In the selection of mining methods, due to the good stability of the gold mine, the open field mining method is used. In the aspect of supporting technology, the wooden support is used for supporting operation. In terms of waterproof measures, waterproof doors and waterproof blankets have been set up to effectively prevent the influx of groundwater.
4. safety measures
Safety measures during underground mining are essential. In order to ensure the safety of mining operations, it is necessary to take a series of safety measures, such as ventilation safety, fire prevention, roof fall hazard and so on. Specifically, should ensure the normal operation of the ventilation system, regularly check whether the ventilation equipment is normal; strictly control the fire source to prevent the occurrence of fire accidents; strengthen the roof management, take effective support measures to prevent the occurrence of roof risk; strengthen staff safety training and education, improve staff safety awareness and operational skills.
Future Development Trend and Prospect of 5.
With the progress of science and technology and the improvement of environmental protection requirements, underground mining will develop in the direction of intelligence, environmental protection and high efficiency in the future. Adopt advanced detection technology and data analysis methods to achieve accurate positioning and optimal allocation of mine resources; promote green mining technology to reduce the impact on the environment; develop new mining equipment and technology to improve mining efficiency and safety. At the same time, the construction of intelligent monitoring and safety management system should be strengthened to realize the comprehensive automation and intelligence of mine production.
Conclusion:
In this paper, the main steps of underground mining are discussed in depth, including process flow, typical case analysis, safety measures and development trends. By understanding the main steps and key technologies of underground mining, we can better understand the principles and applications of this important mining method. At the same time, with the continuous progress of science and technology and the improvement of environmental protection requirements, underground mining will develop in the direction of intelligence, environmental protection and high efficiency in the future.
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