Foreign mining developed countries through the social division of labor and convenient financing to effectively solve the investment, resolve the risk, to achieve the sustainable and healthy development of mining.

A brief summary of mature practices abroad. Thousands of risk exploration enterprises, through partner initiation, angel fund support, to the wind survey market financing to raise funds, by professional exploration team exploration, by independent experts responsible for quality, through the mineral resources project in the late introduction of mining enterprises and finally sold the project to mining enterprises for development, to achieve high risk, high income. Most mining companies invest in prospecting and prospecting, and most of them obtain mineral resources at low cost through investment in mid-and late-stage exploration projects of risk exploration companies. There are also powerful mining companies such as Rio Tinto, which attach great importance to mineral resources, independently invest in prospecting and prospecting to further reduce mineral resources. Obtain world-class high-quality mineral resources, and gain market competitive advantages with high-quality mineral resources.

Most of China's geological prospecting enterprises and mining enterprises have been transformed from the geological prospecting institutions and mining enterprises in the planned economy period, with obvious Chinese characteristics. Commercial exploration has a lot of work to do!

I had the privilege of organizing a commercial survey in the Northwest Nonferrous Geological Prospecting Bureau, a large geological survey company, and Chinalco, a large mining company. Within 9 years of being the deputy director of Northwest Nonferrous Geological Exploration Bureau in charge of mineral resources exploration, he organized and discovered more than 30 mineral areas such as Qianjiaping vanadium mine, Xiajiadian gold vanadium mine, Lengshuigou vanadium mine, Yangping Bay-Shuitianping gold mine, Wangjiaping-Longtou gold mine, Xigou molybdenum mine, etc, it has provided mining development bases such as Xiajiadian Gold Vanadium Mine, Maquan Gold Mine, Yangpingwan Gold Mine, Longtou Gold Mine, Jiuzigou Copper Mine, Xujiagou Copper Mine, Qianjiaping Vanadium Mine, Lengshuigou Vanadium Mine, Dongtangzi Lead-Zinc Mine, etc., and has realized the submission of commercial exploration results of one mining development project in an average year. Within 8 years as the general manager of Chinalco, the survey was organized and submitted to five large-scale deposits, namely, Qinghai Kangde Nongshe Gold (Silver-Lead-Zinc) barite mine, Tibet Anqing Lead-Zinc-Silver mine, accommodating copper mine, Naro copper mine and Peru PECOY copper mine, shortening the commercial exploration investment (note: not project investment) cycle of the enterprise to 4-5 years and increasing the investment success rate to 66%.

Based on the past practice and experience of prospecting and exploration organization, I feel that there are rules to follow in improving efficiency and reducing risks in commercial exploration. There are five main ways to succeed in your own commercial exploration:

Based on the following:

1. geological exploration enterprises should give full play to their advantages and insist on prospecting, but they should not be trapped by their advantages. They should reasonably choose one out of a hundred to highlight the key points to improve the success rate of commercial exploration investment, and optimize the exploration scheme to improve the reliability of the results and promote the later development.

China's geological prospecting enterprises are the largest geological prospecting team in the world. In their heyday, they had the scale of 100 bureaus, thousands of teams and millions of teams. Since the reform and opening up, with the prosperity of the industry in the 1980 s, the low ebb in the 1990 s, the early prosperity in the 21st century, and the low ebb and flow in the past few years, the size of the team has been reduced by half, and most geological prospecting institutions have been transformed into geological prospecting enterprises. Due to historical accumulation, the advantage of domestic geological prospecting enterprises is that they have a large number of high-quality prospecting rights, have a strong prospecting technical team, have a good geological prospecting enterprise culture, understand the characteristics of the industry, and can endure the long cycle and high risk of prospecting and prospecting. Therefore, geological prospecting enterprises should give full play to their advantages in investing in prospecting and prospecting.

At present, the main problems restricting the development of geological exploration enterprises in China are the lack of financing channels, the serious shortage of investment capacity, the low market period, the team can not afford to feed, the serious loss of technical personnel.

The situation in recent years is very similar to that in the 1990 s. The mineral resources exploration industry has entered a low ebb in an all-round way, the future is bleak, the prospecting and exploration are almost closed, and a large number of technical personnel are lost.

Looking back on the 1990 s, during the downturn in the industry, I served as the dean of the Geological Prospecting Institute of the Northwest Nonferrous Geological Exploration Bureau. With the full understanding and support of the leaders of Lin Shuxing, Jin Wanfeng and other bureaus, the measures to cope with the downturn that year were not trapped by advantages. We firmly suspended investment in most projects, did not invest in projects because of people, and did everything possible to protect the core team and exploration rights. The basic approach is a game of overall chess, unified prospecting rights management, unified personnel management, unified investment management, a hundred miles to choose a key point, focus on investment, focus on human, financial and material resources to invest in one or two key prospecting and exploration projects every year, while seizing the market trough opportunity to appropriately supplement some high-quality prospecting rights at low cost, after the situation has improved, further strengthen the management of commercial prospecting investment, implement the "No.1 prospecting project, the investment is not capped, and the personnel are well matched, ensuring quick results, and relying on the success and results of commercial exploration to keep the team and prospecting rights. In addition, the commercial exploration plan is optimized, and the mining industry is involved in advance. Any pit exploration project that can be used must not be drilled. Any pit exploration project that can be used by later mines must consider the future mine utilization problem, which effectively improves the credibility of commercial exploration results and reduces the risk of later mining development. Through this kind of commercial exploration organization and management, the continuous success of prospecting and exploration during the trough period has been realized, and the high tide of mining development and the great-leap-forward development of the mining industry in the early 21st century have been ushered in.

2. mining enterprises to obtain mineral resources with high efficiency and low cost for the purpose, according to the law of mineral resources exploration risk, relying on professional organizations, optimize investment can effectively improve the success rate of commercial exploration investment.

Most of China's mining enterprises are transformed from mines in the planning period, and a few are newly formed mining enterprises under the conditions of market economy. Due to the influence of traditional habits, most domestic mining enterprises, especially monopolistic mining enterprises, do not pay enough attention to the exploration of mineral resources, or the methods and methods need to be improved. Most mining enterprises tend to acquire mineral resources mainly by merger and acquisition of mature exploration projects. Although the cycle is shortened and the risk is reduced, the cost of acquiring mineral resources is greatly increased, compared with the first-class mining enterprises, they have lost the competitive advantage of relying on the cost of resource acquisition.

The root cause of the above problems in most mining enterprises is the lack of research on the law of industry development and the lack of mineral resources exploration culture, which is difficult to adapt to the long-term and high-risk industry characteristics.

Comprehensive analysis and summary of the development law of mineral resources exploration industry, high risk mainly occurs in the pre-investigation and census stage of small investment, large investment in the detailed investigation and exploration stage of investment risk is not high, completely controllable!

Based on my basic understanding of the laws of the industry, during my tenure as the general manager of Chinalco Mineral Resources Co., Ltd., I made a personal plan for the commercial exploration of Chinalco resources, formed ideas when applying for the general manager, formed strategies when forming a team, and persisted and improved in the process of organization and management. The basic idea is: starting from the selection of mineral resources, from the global national layout, from the middle and late stages of the census, focusing on detailed investment and exploration, and expanding the results through regional integrated exploration, finally realizing the investment success rate of more than 50% of enterprises in the commercial exploration field of Chinalco resources in high-risk industries.

3. accurately understanding the connotation of geological exploration norms and opposing dogmatic scientific organization of exploration construction can effectively improve the efficiency and effectiveness of commercial exploration work.

China's geological exploration norms are based on the norms of the former Soviet Union, fully absorbing the experience and lessons of several generations of Chinese people for more than 70 years, comprehensively refined and promulgated in the form of industry regulations, which is the accumulation and summary of collective experience.

During the period of planned economy, geological prospecting units strictly implemented the industry norms. In the implementation of prospecting and exploration activities, they generally waited for the results of the previous year or the previous batch of prospecting engineering samples to come out before designing subsequent prospecting projects. This approach ensures the quality of prospecting and exploration results, and ensures that most of the prospecting and exploration results in the national planned economy period have no major quality problems.

Since the reform and opening up, in the process of undertaking the public welfare geological projects invested by the state, the geological prospecting units still continue the traditional practice and ensure the quality of the results.

But in the commercial exploration market, there are two extremes. One situation is that individual enterprises seriously violate the norms, resulting in a decline in the quality of prospecting data, and even a large number of false reports.

In the process of organizing the commercial exploration of aluminum resources, first of all, based on responsibility and morality, resolutely stop all possible false information, and then pay attention to efficiency against dogmatism. The specific measures are: accurately understand the connotation of the specification and strictly implement it, do not engage in simple accumulation of effective prospecting means in the design stage, insist on choosing the most effective prospecting means to invest in prospecting, maximize the role of geophysical prospecting in guiding drilling design in the exploration process of Duolong Copper Mine in Tibet, insist on some projects that are generally effective but have little effect in specific project prospecting, and effectively improve the quality of commercial exploration design; adhere to high efficiency in the exploration and construction phase. Due to the location of Duolong Mining Area in Tibet and inconvenient transportation, the laboratory test is seriously lagging behind. The laboratory analysis results cannot be obtained after the construction of the first batch of prospecting projects. If the second batch of prospecting projects are designed after waiting for the laboratory results of the first batch of prospecting projects, the efficiency of commercial exploration will be greatly reduced. In this case, there are two completely different opinions within Chinalco Resources. One point of view insists on designing the follow-up prospecting project after the first batch of laboratory analysis results come out, and the other point of view suggests speeding up the pace of prospecting and advocating the design and construction of the follow-up prospecting project as soon as possible. Based on the fact that copper ore can be judged with naked eyes and the analysis results of on-site rapid analyzer can be used as reference, Chinalco resources decided to break through the restrictions, give full play to the role of exploration geologists with practical production experience, and support the subsequent exploration engineering design based on first-line professional and technical research and judgment under the condition that the field can judge ore and non-ore, without relying on sampling and testing data, so as to effectively improve the exploration efficiency, adhere to the application of computer and its mature software technology, owners, supervision units, exploration units multi-party work, dynamic control of the management of exploration progress. Through a series of commercial exploration innovations and practices, the high efficiency of corporate investment in the long-cycle commercial exploration of Chinalco resources has been achieved, and the corporate investment cycle of a single deposit (note: not the entire project investment cycle) is only 4-5 years.

4. giving full play to the role of the front-line technical team and optimizing the survey design in a timely manner can promote quick results.

Mineral resources exploration is an exploratory project, and the field situation is ever-changing. However, in the past prospecting and exploration organization and management process, prospecting and exploration design and engineering adjustment are often very difficult, because the investment decision-making power is firmly controlled by the investors and their management teams. Once the prospecting project changes, the design and engineering need to be adjusted. The field technical team needs to provide demonstration materials, put forward design and engineering adjustment suggestions, and then submit them for approval layer by layer. Such procedures and efficiency have caused field front-line technicians to lose their passion for active research and timely optimization of design. Even some technical teams simply give up design and engineering optimization and simply implement the prospecting and exploration design approved by superiors, thus greatly reducing the effectiveness of prospecting and exploration investment.

In the process of organizing the commercial exploration of Chinalco resources, we give full play to the role of the business front-line technical team, encourage and support the field front-line technical team to closely integrate, strengthen research, optimize the design and prospecting projects according to the prospecting situation in a timely manner, ensure that the investment is used in effective prospecting projects and promote quick results.

The successful practice in this respect is the exploration of Duolong Copper Mine in Tibet. The on-site technical team for the commercial exploration of Chinalco Resources Duolong mainly includes the technical team of the project owner Chinalco Tibet and Chinalco Jinlong, the quality supervision and scientific research team of Tang Juxing of the Institute of Mineral Resources of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, the construction party Tibet Geological Team 5 and other geophysical exploration and drilling construction teams. In the commercial survey, the owner and the quality supervisor jointly organized weekly meetings, so that all the technical teams fully communicated. Major changes have taken place in the exploration site in 2013. The original design focus Naruo mining area no longer has the potential to expand the amount of resources, and the originally unpromising Rongna mining area has found thick and rich ore. In this case, the first-line technical team put forward reasonable suggestions of "adjusting the focus to Rongna, increasing the amount of exploration work, laying deep holes, and starting detailed investigation ahead of time". Chinalco Resources actively adopted and approved it on the site, as a result, Rongna's drilling workload was increased from 3000 meters at the beginning of 2013 to 14069 meters. 22 prospecting boreholes were built to see mines. Rongna obtained 5.28 million tons of copper metal resources at the end of 2013, realizing rapid exploration and rapid breakthrough.

5. adhere to the public welfare geological work and commercial exploration seamless convergence, can promote major prospecting results

In our country, to improve the success rate of commercial exploration, we must rely on the geological achievements of public welfare.

Chinalco Resources attaches great importance to the close integration of public welfare geological work and commercial geological work, and relies on public welfare exploration results and technical support to achieve rapid selection, rapid verification, and rapid results of commercial exploration.

The prospecting results of Duolong copper deposit in Tibet are the demonstration of the seamless connection between public welfare geological work and commercial exploration. Since 1999, the continuous investment and comprehensive development of public welfare geological work in the country has greatly improved the degree of basic geological work in my country, formed extremely rich basic results, discovered a batch of important prospecting information and clues, and submitted A number of important mineral production results. Based on the public welfare geological survey results of the Duolong ore concentration area in Tibet's Bannu metallogenic belt invested by the China Geological Survey, Chinalco decided to invest in the exploration and development of the Duolong copper mine. After the commercial survey was started, the China Geological Survey actively supported, filled in and supplemented the public welfare geological data in a timely manner, and arranged a 1: 25000 scale excitation scan and a number of supporting scientific research projects. Chinalco resources guarantee commercial exploration investment, timely verification and exploration of public welfare geological achievements, greatly improving the efficiency of the transformation of public welfare geological achievements.

Due to the close combination of public welfare geological work and commercial geological work, the efficiency has been improved in the stage of selecting sites, and the commercial geological work has been led to key areas; basic data and technical support have been provided in time in the stage of prospecting and exploration, which has improved the quality of prospecting engineering design and promoted the rapid breakthrough of prospecting and exploration. The close combination of public welfare geological work and commercial geological work has helped to discover the Duolong world-class copper mine in Tibet.

There is a long way to go for China's geological prospecting units to transfer to enterprises, and there are many problems to be solved in commercial exploration. The summary of experience here is only the tip of the iceberg, hoping to play a role in attracting jade and contribute to China's commercial exploration.

Source:Explore the Earth StoneHeadline