▲ "Strictly and fairly speaking, the exploitation of mineral resources is not completely equivalent to the destruction of the mine ecological environment. The development of many mineral resources not only does not damage the regional ecological environment, but also improves the environment."
▲ "Mine ecological restoration must take the road of'development-oriented governance and market-oriented operation' to achieve input and output, and form industrialization."
▲ "With the development of robot technology, perhaps the main force of mine production in the future will be robots."
At the start of the national green mine selection work in 2020, the Green Mine Promotion Association, the Ecological Restoration Promotion Association, the Green Mine Network and the Development Mining Network recently jointly sponsored the live broadcast of "Development Mining Cloud College -2020 Dialogue Green Mine. Wu Qiang, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and honorary president of the Green Mine Promotion Association, Guan Fengjun, executive vice president of the China Geological disaster Prevention and Control Engineering Industry Association, Pan Shuren, deputy director of the China General Administration of Coal Geology, Chen Congxi, researcher of the Information Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources, Sun Yongchao of the Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhao Jinling, executive director and senior vice president of Elion Resources Group, Shi Jingxi, focus on the problems of green mine construction, in-depth discussion and give solutions.
Luomo group water first ditch slag field green area.
Green Mine Construction to Promote High Quality Development of Mining Industry
Academician Wu Qiang said that the new era has put forward new requirements for the high-quality development of mining industry, but at present, China's main mineral resources have found that the growth of resource reserves is weak, the mine scale and product structure are unreasonable, the innovation ability is not high, and the market investment environment is not attractive. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the high-quality development of mining industry with green mine construction, To create an upgraded version of mining development in the new era.
In this regard, Academician Wu Qiang put forward the following suggestions: First, it is necessary to implement the main responsibility of mining enterprises, and use the standards of green mine construction to regulate various activities such as mineral resources exploration, development, utilization and protection, so that green development runs through mine planning and design, construction and construction. The whole process of production and operation will create a new model of mining development in the new era.
Second, it is necessary to make full use of the green mine incentive policy, give priority to the allocation of resources, give preferential treatment in tax and fee policies, and give support in investment and financing, so as to stimulate the endogenous driving force for the green development of mining enterprises. we will comprehensively form a policy environment and market environment conducive to the construction of green mines.
Third, we should support the construction of an integrated mineral resources industrial base integrating mineral exploration, development, smelting and processing, comprehensive utilization, sales and logistics, foreign cooperation and environmental protection, mobilize the enthusiasm of social funds, promote the orderly development of local economy, and promote the organic unity of social, economic and ecological benefits. At the same time, adjust the exploration structure of resources, steadily and orderly restrain the exploration of excess mineral exploration, and create conditions to promote the recycling of renewable resources, improve the efficiency of resource utilization, and enhance the starting point of high-quality development of mining.
Fourth, it is necessary to speed up the formation of a technological innovation system with various forms, mutual benefit, and each doing its best, improve the level of technology and resource utilization, effectively reduce costs, and inject new impetus into the high-quality development of the mining industry. Adhere to innovation-driven, improve the level of mining technology and equipment, and promote the construction of deep mining and intelligent mines. We will build a "industry-university-research" innovation platform and a community of interests for technology research and development and application, develop major common key technologies, as well as efficient utilization technologies for low-grade ore, complex associated ore and refractory ore suitable for the characteristics of China's resources, break through a number of technologies for high-value utilization of tailings and other wastes, and develop processing technology and application technology for refined products to solve the problem of ensuring resources for economic development.
Fifth, it is necessary to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all kinds of subjects in the market to form a new situation of exploration and development with effective competition, take into account the rights and interests of state owners and the operating rights and interests of enterprises, further improve the rights and interests of mineral resources and their supporting systems, and reduce the burden on enterprises. enhance the stamina and motivation for development, and improve the ability to deal with market risks. We will actively cultivate an open, transparent and healthy mining capital market, and provide multi-channel financial support for the whole cycle of mineral exploration, mine construction and mineral development.
Mine ecological restoration should adhere to the development of governance, market-oriented operation
There are many historical debts, many problems and many practical contradictions in mine ecological restoration in China, and they are faced with the problems of "old debts" and "new debts. The financial investment at all levels from the central to the local level is insufficient, the market-oriented mechanism has not been fully established, and there is a lack of effective policies to encourage social capital investment. The funding problem has become the bottleneck of mine ecological restoration.
Guan Fengjun has always advocated that mine ecological restoration should take the road of "development-oriented governance and market-oriented operation", so as to realize input and output and form industrialization. There are two main investment subjects: one is mining enterprises; the other is non-mining enterprises, that is, social investment.
He suggested that the establishment and improvement of mine ecological restoration management investment and financing model.
First, improve the investment model of mining enterprises. In the early stage of restoration and governance, it is necessary for the government to directly fund and subsidize the restoration and governance of abandoned mines left over from history, but with the comprehensive construction of green mines and the completion of historical restoration tasks, it is obvious that the main body of investment and financing should be enterprises. In order to make the investment and financing mode of mining enterprises stable and sustainable, we must first further deepen the reform, the mine construction plan and the mine ecological restoration and management plan are well prepared, at least to reach the level of the formal mine construction feasibility study stage. Secondly, the proportion of the provision and repair management cost budget, after a period of operation to summarize the law as soon as possible, the study of the system-related standards and norms. Thirdly, it is necessary to allow and encourage mining enterprises to take the road of development-oriented governance, focus on directly obtaining economic benefits in the process of restoring and managing the ecological environment of mines, introduce investment cooperation, develop new products, diversify operations, and turn waste into treasure, so as to realize the exchange of green water and green mountains with the same value as Jinshan and Yinshan. Finally, it is necessary to further strengthen publicity and supervision, and strive to improve the consciousness of enterprises to implement green mine construction and restore the mine ecological environment.
The second is to attract and encourage social capital investment. At present, the ecological restoration and management of mines in China is still in the early stage, and the task of solving the problems left over by history is still very arduous. According to the investigation and calculation of relevant institutions, the cost of treating environmental problems in mines left over from history in the country needs 608.2 billion yuan. Heavy tasks and massive funding requirements require the establishment of a sound investment and financing model, so as to support a benign ecological restoration project. It is necessary to study the existing capital investment in depth, solve the existing problems, and find a path to correct and improve. The government funding model is necessary, but after years of practice, it has been found that there are two prominent problems: first, compared with the needs of restoration and governance, government funding is a drop in the bucket after all, far from meeting the needs; second, pure government funding only focuses on restoration The governance effect cannot form an input-output model, and the repair governance effect cannot be maintained for a long time. At the same time, the enterprise investment model has yet to be further improved in practice.
A perfect investment and financing model is not only the task of policy formulation, but also the key to the formation of a perfect investment and financing model by all kinds of subjects.
Most of the existing mine ecological restoration management investment and financing models come from the exploration of work practice, and there are relatively few problems in the early stage of restoration management from the perspective of investment and financing. To further improve the investment and financing model, we must not only improve the relevant systems and systems, but also be based on a safe, smooth and guaranteed input-output model.
Zhao Jinling also said that it is necessary to innovate the mine restoration mechanism and form policy encouragement and effective incentives for social capital to enter the mine ecological restoration. Focusing on the new model of mine geological environment restoration and comprehensive management proposed by the Ministry of Natural Resources, which is "government-led, policy support, social participation, development-oriented governance, and market-oriented operation", we continue to innovate, introduce typical cases, summarize the model, and promote it nationwide.
Mine ecological restoration requires a variety of technical means
On the whole, my country's mine ecological restoration and reclamation methods are still relatively simple, and the extensive development methods still have a serious impact on the mine geological environment. A series of problems such as ground subsidence, land damage, vegetation and topography and landscape damage are still prominent.
The current mine ecological restoration technology mainly includes the use of physical, chemical, microbial or vegetation restoration methods for toxic treatment or pollution control, and through the replacement of soil, the introduction of microorganisms, planting nitrogen-fixing plants and other methods to improve the soil matrix. For more complex mines, the need to use a variety of technical means of joint repair and management.
Chen Conixi introduced physical treatment, chemical treatment, vegetation restoration and microbial restoration respectively.
Physical treatment is the early ecological restoration of mine ecology, mainly by burying and filling methods to improve the stability of the mine surface landscape area. For example, when stabilizing and reinforcing the mine slope, due to the poor stability of the mine slope caused by long-term mining, there are many potential safety hazards. Therefore, it is necessary to stabilize and reinforce the mine slope. Relevant personnel are required to comprehensively understand and analyze the mine, clarify the current damage degree of the mine and the problems that may be induced by the mine in the future, and finally formulate the corresponding treatment plan according to the results of the analysis.
Chemical treatment is the use of stabilizers to treat tailings. However, this method is very easy to cause ecological pollution, and the overall cost is slightly higher, not suitable for large-scale use.
Vegetation restoration is based on the reasonable selection of plants for planting according to the soil conditions and soil fertility of the mine. At present, the land of many mines or abandoned mines is bare land, the surface has no plants or less survival, the survival rate of microorganisms in the soil is less, the ecological environment restoration effect is not good, and the survival rate of vegetation is very low. For mines that are not suitable for direct planting, covering soil can be carried out to ensure that the thickness of covering soil meets the growth of vegetation.
Microbial remediation is mainly the use of microbial dissolution of heavy metals, so that microorganisms can use effective nutrients and energy, in the process of soil leaching by secreting organic acids complexing and dissolving heavy metals in the soil. In the process of restoration, it is necessary to understand and analyze the original microorganisms in the mine soil, so as to avoid the destruction of ecological structure and other problems, so as to ensure the healthy growth of soil vegetation in the mine.
Zhao Jinling believes that mine restoration should also pay attention to the later operation and maintenance and sustainable development. In the planning stage, mine restoration should be combined with structural adjustment from a strategic height. According to the characteristics of the project and the requirements of regional development planning, ecological industry should be introduced to make ecological benefits more effectively transformed into economic benefits, create a new ecological industrial chain, and cultivate new local economic growth points.
Technical Guarantee for Green Mine Construction
"since 2016, the China General Administration of Coal Geology has made major breakthroughs in coal mining subsidence control, coal-based solid waste (coal gangue, fly ash, gasification slag, etc.) disposal, water conservation coal mining, and high-salinity mine water treatment. in particular, the three innovative technologies of new overlying rock separation layer grouting, harmless treatment of coal-based solid waste, and high-salinity mine water recharge have all filled the domestic gap." Pan Shuren said that for the treatment of industrial "three wastes", such as coal gangue, fly ash, gasification slag, mine water, etc., there is no clear and unified policy requirements, and the environmental protection requirements of various parts of the country are not the same, and there is a lack of standard support. It is urgent to clarify the centralized management of the government and the administrative examination and approval procedures.
The current popular 5G technology has the characteristics of high bandwidth and low latency, which is more like a highway for information transmission for mines. At present, driverless systems such as scrapers, mine trucks and electric locomotives, which are vigorously promoted by domestic mines, all need 5G technology to support them.
An Yueyang said that the future production mode of intelligent mines must be developed in the direction of less human and unmanned, and the Kiruna iron mine in Sweden has made a good demonstration. In today's society, science and technology are developing faster and faster, and mining technology and mining technology are also undergoing profound changes. With the development of robot technology, the main force of mine production in the future may become robots.
An Yueyang believes that in order to fully achieve the ultimate goal of unmanned mines, it is necessary to overcome many problems such as unmanned driving technology, mining robot technology, and mining technology. As the mine enters deep mining, new problems will continue to emerge, so it is not possible to determine the specific time course.
As for the intelligent mine input and output ratio that many mining enterprises pay attention. An Yueyang said that the application of many intelligent mining technologies will not immediately produce intuitive economic benefits. For example, although the unmanned remote control of the scraper is not as efficient as manual mining at present, the remote operation first brings safety benefits, and secondly, it can greatly reduce the maintenance cost of the equipment due to improper operation of personnel. In addition, after the mine enters deep mining in the future, the cost of ventilation and refrigeration will become higher and higher. If unmanned driving technology is adopted, the number of underground operators will be greatly reduced, thus greatly reducing the input cost of underground ventilation and refrigeration. These hidden benefits are worthy of attention. There is also the current problem of difficult recruitment of miners. With the retirement of miners born in the 70 s, many young people born in the 80 s and 90 s are unwilling to work in mines because of the remote work location and poor environment. These objective reasons also force mining companies to take the development of intelligent mines. road.□
Website Editor: Gong Li
