The top ten geological scientific and technological progress and ten geological prospecting achievements of the Geological Society of China in 2019 were recently announced in Beijing.
It is understood that since 2007, the Geological Society of China has organized the selection of the top ten geological scientific and technological progress and the top ten geological prospecting achievements every year. The development of the "Double Ten" selection work can enable all sectors of society to understand the contribution of my country's geological industry to the development of the national economy, and has played a positive role in improving the social awareness of the geological prospecting industry and continuously introducing leading talents in the geological prospecting industry.
The top ten geological science and technology progress in 2019 is: major breakthroughs have been made in the investigation of continental shale oil in the Songliao Basin, the first dry hot rock test development well (Qinghai Gonghe Basin) in China has been completed and successfully fractured, the early evolution of animals revealed by Ediacaran Jixin fossils, the new progress in the study of mineralization mechanism of large lithium deposits in China, the new progress in the prediction technology of sandstone uranium deposits in the Junggar Basin, the new understanding of mineralization theory of tungsten rare earth and other minerals and the prospecting breakthrough and prospecting breakthrough, and the first domestic development, and the atomic absolute gravimeter has been successfully developed, new progress has been made in the investigation and evaluation of the potential of coal resources for coal-to-oil and gas in the country, and the technological innovation and application of mineral exploration in the western Hunan-eastern Yunnan region.
The top ten geological prospecting results in 2019 are: bozhong Sag in Bohai Bay Basin Proves World's Largest Metamorphic Rock Condensate Gas Field, Deep Proved Super Large Molybdenum Polymetallic Ore in Luanchuan County, Henan Province, Major Breakthrough in Exploration of Qingcheng 1 billion-ton Shale Oilfield in Ordos Basin, Major Breakthrough in Deep Prospecting in Huize Lead-zinc Mine in Huize, Jiaoling County in Guangdong Province, Proved Super Large Rubidium Mine in Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in Baolin County, 3500 proved super-large graphite deposit, Inner Mongolia Baltao Legui-Fuxing Tun found super-large continental volcanic rock type lead-zinc-silver deposit, Huainan City, Anhui Province, the periphery of the Panji coal mine to achieve a new breakthrough in coal prospecting.
(Details are as follows)
Top 10 Geological Science and Technology Progress (in no particular order)
Major Breakthrough in Continental Shale Oil Survey in Songliao Basin
The continental shale oil scientific and technological research team, with Yang Jianguo of Shenyang Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey and Xu Xingyou of Oil and Gas Resources Survey Center as the core backbone, achieved a major strategic breakthrough in shale oil survey in Qingshankou Formation of Cretaceous in Songliao Basin in 2019. A section of shale reservoir in Qingshankou Formation of Songyeru 1HF well was pressurized and self-injected to obtain a high-yield industrial oil flow of 14.37 cubic meters per day, songye Oil 2HF Well and Jiye Oil 1HF Well Qingshankou Group A section of shale reservoir after compression swabbing to obtain 10.4 cubic meters per day and 16.4 cubic meters of high-yield industrial oil flow respectively. The innovation has formed a comprehensive evaluation system of continental basin shale oil geology with seven relations and six elements as the core, established the enrichment mechanism and distribution mode of continental shale oil, and innovatively formed the technical system of continental basin shale oil drilling and formation oil and gas testing. The results have generally reached the international leading level and have a leading and exemplary role in the exploration and development of domestic continental shale oil.
China's first dry hot rock test development well (Qinghai Gonghe Basin) completed and successfully tested for fracturing.
Important progress has been made in the exploration and trial mining of dry hot rocks in the Gonghe Basin of Qinghai Province, led by Zhang Eryong, the Water Ring Department and the Water Ring Center of the China Geological Survey. The first is to innovate drilling technology, overcome the difficult problem of drilling and completion of high-temperature hard rock, and efficiently complete the first dry hot rock injection and production test well in China. The second is to successfully complete the first dry hot rock test and development well test fracturing to achieve the expected results. The third is to innovate and build a high-precision real-time comprehensive monitoring system for dry hot rock fracturing. Fourth, the comprehensive use of ground investigation, geophysical exploration, drilling, geochemical and other means to study and put forward the mechanism and put forward. The above achievements have effectively promoted the experimental development of hot dry rock in China.
New Ediacaran fossils reveal early evolution of animals
The early life team of the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuan Xunlai's research team discovered and studied a new animal fossil-Yiling insects and their remains in the "Shibantan Biota" about 0.55 billion years ago in the Three Gorges area of Hubei. Yiling worm is the only two-sided symmetrical animal with segmented body, athletic ability and continuous relic found before Cambrian. The appearance time of two-sided symmetrical animal with segmented body was advanced by at least 10 million years, which found a longer "root" for the animal explosion represented by trilobite in Cambrian ", it shows that the ecosystem with benthic animals as the main body has begun to be established during the" Cambrian explosion "period, and gradually replaced the microbial mat basement that ruled the earth for billions of years in the Precambrian, which caused far-reaching environmental and ecological effects on the earth's surface system.
New Progress in Metallogenic Mechanism of Large Lithium Deposits in China
The scientific research team headed by researcher Wang Denghong of the Institute of Mineral Resources of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences affiliated to the China Geological Survey organized and implemented projects such as the comprehensive investigation and evaluation of the large-scale lithium resource base in western Sichuan, and proposed a new understanding of the lithium ore mineralization mechanism of "multi-cycle deep cycle and endogenous integration, directed the geological prospecting work of lithium-based hard rock rare metals in Methyka, Corin, Jiulong and other places in western Sichuan and made breakthroughs. Among them, about 300000 tons of Li2O resources were detected in Methyka mining area and its periphery, and about 130000 tons of Li2O resources were detected in Malkang ore field. On the basis of this theory, the exploration model of the "five-story basement" has been expanded to guide the search for pegmatite-type spodumene deposits, granite-type lithium beryllium-niobium-tantalum deposits and layer-controlled hydrothermal beryllium deposits in western Sichuan, South China and the Qinba mountains of the central orogenic belt.
NEW PROGRESS IN PREDICTION TECHNOLOGY OF SANDSTONE-TYPE URANIUM DEPOSITS IN JUNGGAR BASIN
The research team led by Qin Mingkuan of the Beijing Institute of Geology of the Nuclear Industry has led and promoted a major breakthrough in the search for sandstone-type uranium deposits in the Junggar large basin. For the first time, the project incorporated the basement properties and its evolution into the uranium production potential evaluation system of large-scale superimposed basins, and identified its mineralization advantage from the "root" of basin development and evolution; for the first time, the Toutunhe Formation was clearly proposed as the primary prospecting target layer in the whole basin; a number of technical methods such as activated carbon adsorption gradient radon measurement and fine identification of favorable sand bodies were independently developed, realizing high-precision identification of deep ore-controlling elements and uranium mineralization anomaly information; the integrated construction of large-scale superimposed basin sandstone uranium ore prediction and evaluation technology system, quantitative prediction of uranium resource potential in the study area reached more than 190000 tons. The results of the project have been applied to the exploration and deployment of uranium resources in a timely manner, and the predicted prospecting target area has been verified by drilling engineering, and one large sandstone-type uranium ore producing area of 10,000 tons has been implemented.
New Understanding of Mineralization Theory of Tungsten, Rare Earth and Other Minerals and Breakthrough in Prospecting
The project of "major breakthrough and scientific and technological innovation of geological prospecting fund of Jiangxi Province" implemented by the geological prospecting fund team of Jiangxi Province is subordinate to the "shortage and advantage resource guarantee project" deployed by Jiangxi Provincial Department of natural resources ". The establishment of the "Zhuxi-type" tungsten deposit metallogenic model and the "Shizhushan-type" wollastonite metallogenic model, the establishment of the southern Jiangxi region "shallow metamorphic volcaniclastic rock weathering crust ion absorption" rare earth metallogenic theory and exploration technology, the first to put forward the Jiurui region "copper under the tungsten" exploration model, leading Jiangxi to a major prospecting breakthrough. 9 large-scale deposits (including 2 largest deposits in the world) and 35 geothermal fields with development and utilization value have been discovered. Change the distribution pattern of tungsten and wollastonite ore in the world; Create a precedent for finding ion adsorption rare earth ore in shallow metamorphic rocks in the world, and refresh the record of water temperature and geothermal water scale in geothermal fields in Jiangxi Province. Explore the "Jiangxi model" of provincial financial public welfare geological work to actively serve local economic and social development and industrial poverty alleviation ".
Domestic first set of deep-sea wellhead suction anchor technology and equipment successfully developed
A research team led by Ye Jianliang, director of the Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey of the China Geological Survey, and with Song Gang as the main designer of the Institute of Exploration Technology of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, successfully developed the first domestic deep-sea wellhead suction anchor. The technical equipment can provide effective wellhead support for deep-sea drilling, solve the problem of insufficient wellhead support force in deep-sea shallow soft formation, and improve the stability and bearing capacity of deep-sea oil and gas drilling wellhead. The research team independently innovated and solved a series of key technologies such as suction anchor structure, attitude monitoring method and installation process, and successfully installed it in the deep water of Shenhu, South China Sea in November 2019, with a verticality of 0.17 degrees, relevant technical indicators and construction efficiency reaching the international advanced level, realizing a major breakthrough in the theory and installation of wellhead suction anchor, breaking the monopoly of foreign technology, to make China a country with completely independent intellectual property rights of deep-sea wellhead suction anchor technology and equipment.
The First Miniaturized High Precision ZAG-E Cold Atom Absolute Gravimeter Successfully Developed in China
The domestic ZAG-E cold atom absolute gravimeter, jointly developed by the Natural Resources Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center of the China Geological Survey and Zhejiang University of Technology, has been successful. The research team is led by Professor Lin Qiang of Zhejiang University of Technology and Professor Zhou Jianxin of Hangyao Center. The measurement accuracy of the instrument is up to 10 μGal, with the characteristics of short single measurement time, continuous measurement and long service life, and the technical indicators have reached the international advanced level. This instrument is the first high-precision absolute gravimeter certified by the national authority in China. Its successful development has broken through the foreign technical monopoly, and its performance and technical indicators can meet the requirements of carrying out absolute gravity precision measurement in geological survey, seismic monitoring, geophysical survey and other related fields.
New progress has been made in the investigation and evaluation of the potential of coal resources for coal-to-oil and gas in China.
The research team, with Ning Shuzheng of the General Institute of Exploration and Research of the General Administration of Coal Geology of China as the chief expert, promoted the investigation and evaluation of the potential of coal-to-oil and gas resources in the country, providing a scientific basis for ensuring the security of national energy strategy in special periods. The evaluation index of coal resources for liquefaction and gasification is determined, and the investigation technical requirements and evaluation methods of geological survey, sampling test and coal rock coal quality analysis are established. The investigation and evaluation was carried out from the three levels of mining area, coal-rich area and the whole country, which deepened the understanding of the characteristics, control factors and occurrence laws of coal rock coal for coal-to-oil and gas in China, compiled the distribution map of coal resources for coal-to-oil and gas in China, built a national basic database of coal quality, and found out the coal resources for coal-to-oil and gas in China. The strategic selection and policy recommendations of coal resources for large-scale development and utilization of coal-to-oil and gas resources are proposed.
Innovation and Application of Mineral Exploration Technology in Western Hunan and Eastern Yunnan
The project "Mineral Geological Survey in Western Hunan-Eastern Yunnan Region" presided over by Li Langtian of the Central South Bureau of China Metallurgical Geology has delineated 25 prospecting target areas and 12 newly discovered mineral areas, including 8 large and medium-sized mineral areas, with 56.2 million tons of manganese ore resources and a batch of rare earth, phosphorus and vanadium ore resources. The regional metallogenic model and prospecting model of manganese ore in the main manganese-forming period have been established, the dynamic evaluation of manganese ore resource potential has been completed, and the predicted manganese ore resource amount is 2.6 billion tons. Two new manganese-bearing horizons of the Upper Shundian River Formation of Carboniferous System and the Lower Stone Artillery Formation of Triassic System have been discovered in southeast Yunnan. The paleostructural framework of Xiangtan, Songtao and Qianyang Chengmanganese basins has been clarified, this paper summarizes the characteristics of basin control, phase control and ore control of shallow translational faults in the basement before mineralization and the intersection of "rows" and "columns" with sedimentary faults, and puts forward a new understanding of "concave in concave" or "basin in basin" to control manganese ore deposition. The results provide new ideas and directions for the exploration of manganese deposits in the Yangtze Land Block and its periphery.
Top ten geological prospecting results (ranking is not in any order)
World's Largest Metamorphic Rock Condensate Gas Field Proved in Bozhong Sag of Bohai Bay Basin
The team with Xue Yongan of CNOOC (China) Co., Ltd. Tianjin Branch as the chief expert discovered for the first time the Bozhong 19-6 large integrated condensate gas field with metamorphic rock buried hill as the reservoir in the Bohai Bay Basin, an old exploration area in eastern China. In view of the characteristics of the Bohai Bay Basin, the project team innovatively put forward the theory of "lake basin gas formation", pointing out that the oil-type basin has geological conditions for the formation of large natural gas fields in some structural and sedimentary depressions, thus revealing the opportunity for the oil-type lake basin to find large natural gas fields after looking for large oil fields. The condensate gas field has been handed over to the state with proven natural gas reserves exceeding 100 billion cubic meters and condensate oil reserves exceeding 100 million tons. The discovery of the Bozhong 19-6 large-scale integrated condensate gas field is the result of the development of my country's natural gas reservoir formation theory. It plays an important role in ensuring national energy security, the construction of ecological civilization in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and promoting the green development of Xiongan New Area.
Deep Probed Super Large Molybdenum Polymetallic Ore in Luanchuan County, Henan Province
The geological survey fund project of Henan Provincial Department of Natural Resources, undertaken by Henan Provincial Geological Survey Institute, "Deep Survey of Mo-Pb-Zn Polymetallic Ore in Luanchuan County, Henan Province", has made a major breakthrough in prospecting, and a super-large molybdenum polymetallic ore has been explored in the deep part of Luanchuan County. Through the three-dimensional geological modeling and quantitative prediction method of multi-geological information, the team guided the construction of 35 deep exploration boreholes to see all the mines, confirming the deep continuity and huge prospecting potential of tungsten and molybdenum ore bodies in the region. Eight tungsten-molybdenum ore bodies are delineated, with a cumulative addition of (333) (334)? resources WO 3.4498 million tons and 3.194 million tons of molybdenum, and a (333) low (334)? low WO 3.298 million tons and 725000 tons of molybdenum, and an associated rhenium 146 tons is estimated in the molybdenum ore. The proven molybdenum resources in the region ranked first in the world. The deposits in the area have the characteristics of large scale, many kinds of useful elements and mature mining conditions. The deep prospecting breakthrough of tungsten and molybdenum provides the basis for the layout and long-term planning of the national tungsten and molybdenum resources.
Major Breakthrough in Exploration of 1 billion-ton Shale Oilfield in Qingcheng, Ordos Basin
The team with Fu Suotang as the chief expert of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company discovered the largest 1 billion-ton shale oil field in Qingcheng for the first time in Gansu Province, further consolidating the resource base of the oil field sprinting 60 million tons. The Qingcheng area is located in the center of the Late Triassic Ordos Lake Basin, and Yanchang Group 7 develops typical shale reservoirs. The project team has innovated shale oil geological theory and exploration technology through systematic research on centimeter-level sedimentary characteristics, fine characterization of micro-nano reservoir pore throats, simulation of shale oil filling mechanism, and research and development of supporting technology series such as earthquake, logging and fracturing transformation, achieving a major breakthrough in shale oil exploration, implementing an oil-bearing area of 3000 square kilometers and adding more than 1 billion tons of oil reserves, including 0.358 billion tons of proven oil reserves. At present, it has an annual production capacity of 3 million tons of crude oil. At the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan, the annual production capacity of crude oil can reach 5 million tons, which has made important contributions to national energy security and the economic and social development of Gansu Province.
Major Breakthrough in Deep Prospecting in Huize Lead-Zinc Mine Area of Yunnan Province
The project team formed by Yunnan Metallurgical Resources Co., Ltd. and Yunnan Chihong Zinc Germanium Co., Ltd. systematically summarized the metallogenic laws of lead-zinc deposits in Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou, and studied the structure, lithologic combination, and surrounding rock alteration of the region and mining area. And other factors, establish a prospecting prediction model, and make a major breakthrough in deep prospecting in the Huize lead-zinc mine area of Yunnan Province. A total of 9.1588 million tons of ore, 2.4407 million tons of lead and zinc metal, 26.65 of lead and zinc grade, 432437kg of associated germanium metal and 587560kg of silver metal were recorded. Huize lead-zinc deposit in Yunnan Province is large in scale, with large thickness and high grade of ore body, rich in germanium and silver. The ore is easy to be mined and selected. The basic conditions of mine construction are good, the potential economic value of the deposit is huge, and there is still great prospecting potential in the deep and surrounding areas. The prospecting work and geological research work in recent years have provided new ideas and directions for the prospecting work in the region.
Super-large Rubidium Ore Probed in Zuobikeng Mining Area, Jiaoling County, Guangdong Province
The team with Sun Baode as the chief expert of Guangdong Coal Geology 2002 Exploration Team proved the super-large rubidium mine in Jiaoling County. A total of 132774 thousand tons of rubidium ore resources (331 332 333) and 72727 tons of oxide (Rb2O) were found, while 44258 thousand tons of quartz ore resources (333) were found, which are of great economic and strategic value. The rubidium deposit is a hydrothermal alteration deposit with altered granite as the main controlling factor. The ore body is present in the third-stage Yanshan altered granite body in contact with the old formation of the Sinian system. Under the condition of high abundance of Rb elements in the rock body and the formation, various mineralization processes are superimposed, Rb elements are transported and enriched in multiple periods, and finally form the alkaline feldspar granite rubidium deposit containing biotite. The comprehensive study shows that the metallogenic geological conditions of this rubidium deposit are not rare in Lingnan area, and there is great potential to find other similar deposits in this area.
Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in South Sichuan Area 3500 m Shallow Trillion Square Shale Gas Field
The team with Xie Jun as the chief expert of PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company discovered the first large shale gas field in China with a depth of 3500 meters in the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in southern Sichuan. The project team put forward the theory of "three control" enrichment and high yield of shale gas suitable for the special geological conditions in southern Sichuan, and guided the optimization of the production area; established six technology series of localized shale gas exploration and development, including geological evaluation technology, development optimization technology, excellent and fast drilling technology, volume fracturing technology, factory operation technology and efficient and clean mining technology, it has achieved a breakthrough in the scale benefit development of 3500 meters of shallow shale gas and the exploration and development of 3500-4000 meters of shale gas. The project team has accumulated proven reserves of 10610.50 × 108 cubic meters in Wufeng Group-Longmaxi Group in southern Sichuan, forming a trillion cubic meter shale gas atmospheric area. At the end of 2019, with an annual production capacity of 8 billion cubic meters, it became the largest shale gas production base in China.
Super-large phosphate rock found in the mining area beside the weir in Baokang County, Hubei Province
The team with Tang Congshou of Hubei Geological Exploration Institute of Sinochem Geology and Mines as the chief expert explored a super-large, sedimentary phosphate deposit in the Sinian Doushantuo Formation on the edge of the weir in Baokang County, Hubei Province. The deposit is located in the north-east extension of Yichang phosphate mine, with a buried depth of about 680 meters to 1430 meters, a control scale of 5800 × 2800 meters, a single phosphate body thickness of about 12 meters, and an average P2O5 content of 23.54, which can achieve a better beneficiation index through beneficiation. It is estimated that the total resource reserves of phosphate rock beside the weir are 0.59 billion tons, of which the rich ore resources of grade I are 43487 thousand tons, with an average content of 31.80, and the potential economic value of the mine can reach 50 billion yuan. This systematic exploration provides a theoretical direction for the deep prospecting of Yichang phosphate rock, and has certain value for the study of the deep metallogenic pattern of the phosphate rock in western Hubei. After the project is put into operation, it can drive the mountain area to get rid of poverty and become rich, and promote the development of local economy.
Superlarge Graphite Deposit Probed in Sanhe Village, Linkou County, Heilongjiang Province
The team, with Ma Xinchun from the Sixth Geological Exploration Institute of Heilongjiang Province as the chief expert, successfully used the "stratigraphic structure aeromagnetic" graphite prospecting model for the first time to explore a super-large crystalline graphite deposit in Sanhe Village, Linkou County, Heilongjiang Province. Five new graphite ore belts were discovered, with a length of 1.2-6.57 kilometers and 80 ore bodies. The new inferred intrinsic economy (333) predicted (334)? The amount of ore resources is 345.8316 million tons and the amount of minerals is 18.8887 million tons. A total of 11 graphite ore belts have been found in the Northwest Leng-Sanhe Village graphite ore field, with a length of 1.2~11.57km. The (334) predicted by the proven and inferred intrinsic economy (333) has a cumulative amount of 880.6846 million tons of ore resources and 55.9032 million tons of minerals. The Northwest Leng-Sanhe Village graphite ore field is the third largest graphite mine in the country and the second largest graphite mine in Heilongjiang Province. It is also the world's largest super-large graphite mine with the length of a single orebody, which provides a solid resource support for the development of the graphite industry in Heilongjiang.
Discovery of extra-large continental volcanic-rock type lead-zinc-silver deposits in Bartao Legui-Fuxing Tun, Inner Mongolia
Funded by the Geological Exploration Fund Management Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and undertaken by the Inner Mongolia Institute of Land and Resources Exploration and Development, the "Census of Silver Deposits in Fuxing Tunyin Polymetallic Mines in Horqin Right Wing Qianqi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region" has made a major breakthrough in prospecting. 92 silver ore bodies were delineated in the first area, and the amount of silver metal (333 334?) was 5105.05 tons, the average grade was 194.17g/ton, and the amount of associated lead and zinc metal was 370900 tons. There are also 484 low-grade lead-zinc ore bodies with metal resources (333,334) 3.6178 million tons, which are very large concealed deposits. The deposit is controlled by volcanic institutions and Late Jurassic volcanic rocks, and the genetic type is a continental volcanic-subvolcanic hydrothermal filling lead-zinc-silver deposit. The extra-large silver polymetallic deposit was discovered for the first time in the volcanic rock area of Daxinganling, and its deep and peripheral parts still have great prospecting potential, which provides new ideas and directions for future prospecting in this area.
A new breakthrough in coal prospecting has been achieved in the periphery of Panji Coal Mine in Huainan City, Anhui Province.
A team with Zhu Wenwei as the chief expert of the Exploration and Research Institute of Anhui Coalfield Geology Bureau discovered a super-large coal deposit outside the Panji Coal Mine in Huainan City. The project is the core project of "358" prospecting breakthrough strategy in Anhui Province. The research team has basically identified the characteristics of coal occurrence, and the newly discovered coal resources are 4.857 billion tons, all of which are high-quality coking coal. For the first time, the "Special Study on Geological Conditions of Deep Coal Exploration and Mining" was carried out, and the exploration, testing technology and evaluation method of geological conditions of deep coal seam mining were established; for the first time, a set of deep hole rope core drilling technology for complex coal-bearing strata under the cover of huge thick loose layer was established. Take the lead in the comprehensive exploration and evaluation of coalbed methane, shale gas, geothermal energy and other beneficial minerals in Huainan coalfield. The project not only provides sufficient reserve resources for the development of existing coal mining enterprises, but also provides energy guarantee for the coordinated development of economic integration in the Yangtze River Delta.
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