The basic connotation of "green mine" in China should include "five modernizations"
The research on the connotation of "green mine" is a subject worthy of long-term exploration in the field of mining. At present, domestic scholars mainly have two representative views on the concept of green mine: one is to emphasize resource conservation and environmental friendliness, and think that green mine is to realize the optimization of mineral resources development and the minimization of ecological environment impact under the premise that the environmental disturbance of mine is less than the regional environmental capacity; the other is to emphasize the coordinated development of resources, environment and economy and society, and think that green mine should not exclude economic development while emphasizing environmental protection, that is, the "greening" or ecologicalization of the mine economic system, so that the mine ecosystem and the economic system formed by the mine development maintain a certain degree of coordination.
In 2018, the Ministry of Natural Resources issued nine industry standards, including the Code for the Construction of Green Mines in the Non-metallic Mining Industry. These standards start from the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, open and sharing, and clarify the basic connotation of green mines. Green mine refers to the implementation of scientific and orderly mining in the whole process of mineral resources development, and the control of the disturbance of the mining area and the surrounding ecological environment within a controllable range, so as to realize the ecological environment of the mining area, the scientific mining method, the efficient utilization of resources, the standardization of enterprise management and the harmony of the mining area community. Combined with the current new situation and new development requirements, green mines should be guided by the strategy of ecological civilization, with the goal of developing green economy and realizing the coordination and unity of resource, ecological, economic and social benefits, with the premise of running mines according to law, standardizing management and safe production, and with the core of efficient utilization of resources, environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction and community harmony, A brand-new mine construction and management model guaranteed by scientific and technological innovation.
Green mine is an important embodiment of strengthening the construction of ecological civilization in the field of mining, and it is an important platform and starting point to change the mode of mining development, enhance the overall image of mining, and promote the high-quality development of mining.
Understanding of "Green Mine", Don't Step into Three "Mistakes"
At present, due to the inadequate publicity and training of green mines in the industry, many people have a certain bias in their understanding of green mines, and there are mainly three "misunderstandings".
Misunderstanding one:Some localities and enterprises simply equate green mines with "green" mines, focusing on the end of the mining environment through grass and tree planting, while ignoring the core connotations of upgrading technology and equipment, improving the level of resource utilization, and controlling the source of environmental disturbances.
Correct understanding:Green mine construction is a complex system engineering, involving the whole industry chain of mine construction, covering the rational development and utilization of resources, energy conservation and emission reduction, environmental protection, ecological restoration, mine harmony and other rich content, and need to be carried out continuously.
Misunderstanding two:Some people think that green mines are "high-input, high-cost, high-tech" mines, which indirectly lead to restrictions on the promotion of green mines.
Correct understanding:The construction of green mines will invest a certain amount of money in the research and development of mining and processing technology, the upgrading and transformation of technical process equipment, environmental monitoring and governance, etc., but the economic, social, environmental and resource benefits created in the later period will be much higher than the cost of the initial investment.
Misunderstanding three:Some localities and enterprises believe that green mines are only a title. If they are successfully put into storage, they can be used as a shield for environmental protection inspection. Therefore, they pay more attention to "creation", think less about "construction" and lack long-term planning.
Correct understanding:"Green mine" is by no means a simple "title". Once the title is obtained, the construction of green mines needs to be carried out continuously, not once and for all. The supervision and management of green mining enterprises by administrative departments at all levels is also dynamic and continuous.
The National Green Mine Catalog has been released, and the construction of green mines has achieved remarkable results.
Looking back at the 2019, the vast number of managers, scholars, and business people who are deeply involved in the mining field are not afraid of hardships. On the road of implementing green development, they have consolidated and promoted the construction of green mines and achieved a series of remarkable results. The most prominent one is the national green mine. The release of the directory database.
According to the "Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Natural Resources on Doing a Good Job in the Selection of Green Mines in 2019" (Natural Resources Office Letter [2019] No. 965), a total of 29 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have submitted 1024 mine recommend for storage in this selection except Beijing and Shanghai. Subsequently, on the basis of enterprise self-evaluation, third-party evaluation and provincial recommend, spot checks, material reviews and public announcements have been made, A total of 953 mining enterprises have been included in the national green mine list. Among them, 398 were the original national green mine pilot units, and 555 new green mines were selected in 2019, accounting for 42% and 58% respectively.
Of the 953 mines included in the National Green Mine Catalog, the top 10 mines in terms of provinces are: 76 in Henan, 72 in Shandong, 66 in Anhui, 64 in Shanxi, 58 in Hebei, 55 in Hunan, 54 in Zhejiang, 54 in Hubei, 52 in Inner Mongolia and 51 in Guangdong. The last five in number are: 6 in Hainan, 5 in Tibet, 3 in Ningxia, 1 in Tianjin and 1 in Chongqing.
The 953 mines were statistically analyzed in terms of distribution area, ore type, mining method, mine scale and economic type:
According to the distribution area, there are 287 (I) in the eastern region, accounting for 30.1 per cent; 350 in the central region, accounting for 36.7 per cent; 76 in the northeast, accounting for 8.0 per cent; and 240 in the western region, accounting for 25.2 per cent.
(II) by mineral type, there are 252 energy minerals, accounting for 26.4 per cent (including 222 coal, accounting for 23.3 per cent); 95 ferrous metal minerals, accounting for 10.0 per cent; 236 non-ferrous metal minerals (including gold and silver), accounting for 24.8 per cent; 5 other metal minerals (rare earth metals, rare metals, rare metals, etc.), accounting for 0.5 per cent; and 362 non-metallic minerals, accounting for 38.0 per cent; geothermal mineral water 3, accounting for 0.3 per cent.
According to the (III) mining method, there are 533 underground mining companies, accounting for 56.0 per cent; 359 open-pit mining companies, accounting for 37.7 per cent; and 60 open-pit underground joint mining companies, accounting for 6.3 per cent.
According to the scale of mines in the (IV), there are 573 large mines, accounting for 60.2 per cent; 292 medium mines, accounting for 30.7 per cent; and 87 small mines, accounting for 9.1 per cent. The proportion of large and medium-sized mines reached 90.9 per cent.
According to the type of economy in the (V), there are 359 state-owned economies (including wholly state-owned enterprises), accounting for 37.7 per cent, and 594 non-state-owned economies, accounting for 62.3 per cent.
(Author Unit: China Natural Resources Economic Research Institute)
Website Editor: Gong Li
