The construction of green mines has evolved from advocating the concept of green development, consolidating consensus on industry development, and actively exploring and practicing in various regions, and has risen to national strategies and actions. It is transforming resource utilization methods, improving resource utilization efficiency, coordinating the relationship between resource development and ecological protection, and promoting corporate fulfillment. Social responsibility and other aspects have played an important role. Green mines have become an important platform and starting point for transforming the mining development mode, enhancing the overall image of the mining industry, and promoting the healthy and sustainable development of the mining industry. It is a practical action for the mining industry to practice Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought.
The 1. of green mines has become a vivid practice of ecological civilization construction, and there is still a long way to go to promote it in an all-round way.
In 2008, the second round of national mineral resources planning made plans and arrangements for the construction of green mines. With the joint efforts of management departments at all levels and the positive response of mining enterprises, the construction of green mines has gone from pilot exploration to comprehensive promotion, which has played a good demonstration and leading role. At the same time, mining enterprises have gradually realized that green mine construction is an important part of the national development strategy, an objective requirement of ecological protection, a practical need to speed up the transformation and upgrading of mining industry and improve the quality and efficiency of mining development under the new normal, and an effective way to realize the coordination and unity of resource benefits, economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits. The green development of mining industry has changed from a multiple-choice question to a must-answer question now.
Many mining enterprises adjust measures to local conditions and actively explore, integrate the concept of green mining into all links and whole processes of exploration, development, utilization and protection, and management, forming a number of new models of green development of resources and industrial development. from prospecting and increasing reserves to supporting and serving the resource guarantee and green development of the mine life cycle, it shows the positive image of mining enterprises and becomes an important brand and green label reflecting the comprehensive level of operation and management of mining enterprises. In addition, some mining enterprises go abroad, spread the concept of green development of mining, build green mines, and establish a green development enterprise brand. In the capital market, the country's first single green mine construction bonds were successfully issued. At the same time, local government departments at all levels actively promote the construction of a new mechanism for green mine work, strictly control the "green gateway", formulate construction plans, clarify objectives, tasks and roadmaps, optimize mine layout and scale structure adjustment, and the Ministry of Natural Resources issued green mine construction. Nine industry standards, classified guidance and benchmarking, Henan, Anhui, Hainan and other provinces have formulated local standards for green mine construction, and 11 provinces are developing local standards. Zhejiang, Hunan, Shandong and other nine provinces have issued green mine construction management measures, studied and put forward a number of incentive policies and measures, which greatly promoted the development of green mining.
However, the challenges, difficulties and problems facing the development of China's mining industry are also very prominent. ① The reserve growth of mine reserve resources is weak, and the resource base supporting the development is not strong. ② The mine scale and product structure are unreasonable, and the pattern of "less large mines and more small mines" has not been fundamentally improved. ③The level of mine construction in China varies greatly, the level of mine technology and equipment is uneven, and the production technology and equipment of most small and medium-sized mining enterprises are still quite backward. ④ Mining R & D investment is insufficient, and the innovation ability is not high. Many mining enterprises think that they are not beneficial to themselves, lack of motivation to create, and are unwilling to upgrade technical equipment and carry out ecological restoration. ⑤ The market investment environment is unattractive, and mining investment is insufficient or even declining. In particular, some companies do not fully understand the connotation of green mines, and there are misunderstandings in construction. Some companies simply equate green mines as "green" mines; some companies pay more attention to "creation" and think less about "construction"; some companies do not realize that green is the greatest productivity and internal motivation Insufficient; some enterprises are under great pressure to survive, there are many problems left over from history, and the construction of green mines is "powerless"; some local government incentive policies and measures are difficult to implement, and external incentives are insufficient, unilateral reliance on administrative means to set targets under the mandate. The evaluation mechanism is not perfect. The green mine evaluation and assessment mechanism led by standards and norms, self-built self-assessment by enterprises, third-party assessment, and level-by-level audit identification has not yet been fully established. All these seriously affect the process of green mine construction and the internal driving force of mining green development. At present, the number of mines included in the national green mine list accounts for a very low proportion of the total number of the country, and it is a long way to go to comprehensively promote the construction of green mines.
2. and improve the standard system of green mine construction and give full play to the guiding role
Vigorously implement the standardization strategy, accelerate the formation of a standard system to promote the high-quality development of the mining industry, and promote innovation and development. In order to make mining enterprises gradually move closer to the green mine standards, it is necessary to continuously improve the standard level and improve the standard system on the basis of the nine industry green mine standards, accelerate the research and formulation of national green mine standards and green exploration industry standards, and carry out the research and formulation of management standards for the production and operation of green mine, establish and improve the standard system by industry and region, support mining enterprises to formulate higher construction standards, and promote the construction of green mines with high standards.
Explore and promote the certification of green mine management system, and systematically improve the management level of green mines in all aspects. Explore the establishment of green mines and green mineral product evaluation and certification mechanisms to guide mineral product suppliers and consumers to purchase from green mining enterprises.
Actively docking foreign mine construction advanced applicable standards, do a good job of absorption and transformation, and promote China's mine construction standards into the international advanced level. Actively participate in international standardization work, promote China's green mine standards to the world, contribute Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions, and enhance the influence and voice of my country's standards.
Establish a coordination mechanism for the formulation, implementation and information feedback of green mine standards, guide mining enterprises to plan, design, build and transform mines in accordance with green mine standards, revise and improve the contents of the standards in a timely manner, and do a good job in the interpretation and publicity of the standards. avoid the superficial understanding of green mines as "greening", or think that green mines must be garden mines, park mines, or compare digital mines, harmonious mines and green mines. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the connection between the implementation of green mine standards and policies such as industry, ecological environmental protection, and regional development, and carry out industry management based on standards, so that the construction of green mines will gradually change from administrative requirements to standards, and establish a supervision mechanism for the implementation of standards.
3. the Establishment of Evaluation Index System of Green Mine Construction to Realize Scientific and Standardized Management
Actively implement the new development concept and establish a regular evaluation system for green mines as an important basis for green mine directory management and supervision and management.
Establish and improve the green mine evaluation index system, according to the connotation and requirements of green development, combined with the characteristics of mine construction and operation, design a number of evaluation indicators, not only pay attention to the principles of systematicness, unity, simplicity and scientificity, but also have easy access, quantifiability and operability. Promote the combination of qualitative evaluation and quantitative evaluation, differential evaluation and comprehensive evaluation of the combination of evaluation methods, and constantly improve the evaluation methods.
It is necessary to carefully compare the standards and evaluation index system, grasp the key points, strictly check, and truly select the mines with high construction level as a benchmark to drive the overall development of the industry. It fully reflects the characteristics of resource development, mining area environment, infrastructure, technical equipment, conservation and comprehensive utilization, energy conservation and emission reduction, innovation ability, enterprise management, mine appearance and other aspects, and reflects the implementation of new development concept, construction effect, resource and environmental benefits.
The evaluation results should be made public to provide strong support and important basis for the establishment of green mine directory management. To achieve the "National Green Mine List" update normalization, the timely inclusion of standards, non-standard resolute removal. The evaluation index system should highlight the key points, classify the design, select the index data that can be directly obtained, real and reliable, and gradually set up the evaluation index of different industries and regions according to the regional characteristics of the industry, so as to enhance the pertinence and operability.
4. and improve the policy system for the construction of green mines, and implement effective policies and measures with precision.
Effectively implement the Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Green Mines by the Ministry of Natural Resources and other six ministries and commissions, increase departmental coordination and coordination, do a good job in policy convergence, remove obstacles to the implementation of policies, form a joint force of work and policy, and improve the development of green mining. Long-term mechanism.
From the total amount control index allocation, resource priority allocation of the implementation of tilt, scientific determination of mining rights transfer years, so that green mining enterprises have reasonable expectations, firm construction confidence. To solve the problem of the "last kilometer" of the policy landing, and to explore the policy of reclaiming and revitalizing the stock of industrial and mining land for green mines. Promote the refinement of various policies, form a policy pool toolbox from the aspects of resource allocation, industrial development, finance and finance, so as to effectively implement various policies and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises to build green mines.
Encourage all regions to actively promote the construction of green mines based on actual conditions, establish new mechanisms, introduce new policies, and try new methods, so that enterprises can actively abide by government and industry regulations, fulfill social responsibilities, and reduce regulatory risks through active construction of green mines, and obtain policy support and Subsidies; through resource conservation and comprehensive utilization, extension of the industrial chain, environmental governance, maintaining a good reputation and building a harmonious community, etc, to obtain more economic and social benefits, to achieve a win-win situation for the government and enterprises.
Encourage local governments to build and form influential and driving green mining pioneer areas, combine "point and area", promote the development of green mining in the whole region, improve the overall level of green mine construction, and create a model area with reasonable layout, intensive and efficient, excellent environment, and harmonious mining areas, timely summarize the local experience, practices and achievements in promoting green mine construction, and form a batch of replicable and popularized experiences.
5. to create a technological innovation system for green mine construction and continuously improve the development level of the industry
Technological innovation is the fundamental way for mining enterprises to achieve green development, and it is necessary to accelerate the transformation of mining from "factor-driven" to "innovation-driven. The construction of green mines tests the scientific and technological innovation ability and strength of enterprises, and requires that mine technical equipment must meet the requirements of resource conservation and comprehensive utilization, development of mine circular economy, energy conservation and emission reduction, and ecological environmental protection, and meet or exceed the national standard indicators. Scientific and standardized management.
Many green mines adopt information network technology and intelligent control technology to build digital intelligent mines, which improves the labor production efficiency of enterprises and reduces the production cost of enterprises. Among the enterprises included in the national green mine list, many have entered the ranks of high-tech enterprises, with good economic and social benefits. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage enterprises to improve the level of technology and equipment, promote the upgrading and transformation of enterprises, realize the efficient use of resources and energy through innovative technical methods, minimize the waste generated by mining, and convert it into other available resources; restore the functions of landscape and ecosystem, minimize the negative impact on the environment and society, integrate green mines into nature and recreate nature, and truly protect the green waters and mountains.
We should strengthen the drive of scientific and technological innovation. At present, the Catalogue for the Promotion of Advanced and Applicable Technologies for the Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources (2019 Edition) has been released. It is necessary to establish a dynamic update mechanism, establish an evaluation index system for green mine technology and equipment, and guide mining enterprises to actively adopt advanced and applicable technologies, processes and equipment with high resource utilization efficiency and little environmental disturbance.
6. the comprehensive construction of a new model of green mine development, the establishment of publicity and communication platform
The concept of green development runs through the whole process of mineral resources development, and promotes the coordination of resource development and ecological environment. Through the construction of green mines, the disturbance of resource development to the mining area and the surrounding ecological environment is controlled within a controllable range, and efforts are made to build a green mining development model with high technological content, low resource consumption and less environmental pollution.
The process of promoting the creation of green mines is the process of forcing enterprises to survive the fittest and transform and upgrade. Mining enterprises should closely focus on the overall requirements of green development and transformation and upgrading, combine with the actual situation, take the efficient use of resources, environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction, and mine land harmony as the core tasks, boldly innovate and practice, actively explore new ways of green mine construction, promote the construction of modern mines, and promote the transformation of mining industry from "extensive waste" to "intensive and efficient. For example, the coal industry has formed a new green mining model of "replacing coal with gangue", realizing that "the gangue does not rise and the gangue hill is moved down the well"; the oil and gas industry has formed a "large well cluster, multi-well type, three-dimensional, and factory" intensive construction model; the non-metal industry has formed a green production model of "environmentally friendly mining, clean processing, and dust-free transportation.
It is necessary to greatly improve the efficiency of resource utilization, enterprise economic benefits, and social and environmental benefits, and truly make green mines an important brand that reflects the comprehensive level of operation and management of mining enterprises, and a green label for standardized operations, financing and listing, and going overseas. In terms of improving the environment, reducing costs and increasing efficiency, and harmony between mines and land, a number of good models, good methods, and good experiences that can be promoted and replicated have been formed.
At the same time, efforts should be made to promote the harmony of mining areas, share the benefits and achievements of mineral resources development with the people in mining areas, and truly realize the development of resources on one side and benefit the people on the other. Some green mines have played an active role in rural revitalization, targeted poverty alleviation, employment resolution, and infrastructure improvement. New changes have taken place in the relationship between mining groups, demonstrating the positive image of mining enterprises to the society, and playing an exemplary and leading role in the industry.
Make full use of new media and other resources to enable all sectors of society to understand green mines, recognize green mines, and identify with green mines, and establish a new image of mining in the whole society. Encourage the establishment of green mine construction and technical equipment service platforms, and publicize, exchange and promote typical models and practices in terms of efficient resource utilization, scientific mining methods, ecological mining environment, standardization of enterprise management, and harmony of mining communities. □
(This article is transferred from China Mining magazine. Author: Ju Jianhua, male, Han, Ph.D., Director of the Department of Mineral Resources Protection and Supervision, Ministry of Natural Resources, has been engaged in natural resource management for a long time.)
Website Editor: Gong Li
