Jiudingshan, Laixi City, Qingdao is a mine, which has made contributions to the local economic development, but after years of mining, coupled with the lack of effective management, the ecological environment has been destroyed and become an abandoned mine, which has not been visited for a long time. But now, it has become a comprehensive winery integrating wine production, cultural display, tourism reception, and leisure and vacation functions. What's more, it has explored new ways for the management of abandoned mines in my country. However, for the reporter and his party, the most impressive thing is not only the introduction of the ecological restoration experience by the head of the department in the field of Geology and mineral resources in Qingdao, but also the wisdom of the whole natural resources management department of Qingdao relying on advanced concepts and science and technology to build "landscape, forest, field, lake and grass" into a life community, And the contribution of the "Qingdao idea" of mine ecological restoration and management in China ".
How to promote the mine ecological restoration and governance in Qingdao? Obviously, Qingdao, Shandong Province has given a satisfactory answer according to local conditions.
Over the years, they have tried first, attracted investment from all sectors of society through natural resource policy incentives, and explored the implementation of market-oriented operation and scientific management of mine ecological restoration models to achieve the unity of ecological, social and economic benefits. They put forward the idea of "adhering to government guidance, planning first, market participation, and diversified implementation" of mine ecological restoration in Qingdao, which innovated thinking, broadened horizons, and became a powerful thrust for ecological restoration to promote local economic development.
Green Transformation from Abandoned Mine to Beautiful Manor
The first snow in Qingdao in 2020 came earlier than ever.
In early January, it was only an hour's journey from downtown Qingdao to Yuanshang Town in Laixi City, but it took more than three hours because of the high-speed road closure.
However, it is this increased itinerary that allows the reporter and his party to have a deeper understanding of the "industrial development" in the ecological restoration of Qingdao mines.
Jiuding Manor is located about 1km north-east of Shankou Village, Yuanshang Town, Laixi City. In 2008, the mine that had been mined here for many years was shut down, leaving two abandoned pits distributed on the north and west sides of the hillside. The pit rocks were exposed, there were no mining steps, and the slope angle was 70-85 degrees. Among them, the north pit is about 140 meters long in the north-east direction, 60 meters wide in the south-east direction, and the slope height ranges from 5 meters to 17 meters; the south pit is about 100 meters long in the north-east direction and about 80 meters wide in the south-east direction., The slope height ranges from 5 meters to 23 meters. Years of mining have caused great damage to the topography, landscape and ecological environment in the area, forming a strong contrast with the surrounding beautiful scenery, and causing serious visual pollution. And there are many unstable and dangerous rock masses on the slope, which brings great security risks to people's production and life.
In 2009, a company from Luxembourg became interested in the Jiudingshan abandoned mine. After many inspections, they sent personnel to believe that the area has no severe cold in winter and no scorching heat in summer. It belongs to the continental climate in the warm temperate monsoon zone, with sufficient sunshine and large temperature difference between day and night. Under the influence of specific biological, climate, topography and hydrological conditions, its soil is rich in minerals and organic matter, faces the south hillside, has good drainage, light and ventilation performance, has the characteristics of grape root formation, plant nutrition growth, cold resistance and drought resistance, and provides excellent innate conditions for the growth of fine wine grapes.
More importantly, after communicating with the natural resources authorities, they creatively put forward the wonderful idea that "the original mining pit space of the abandoned mine can be directly used to build a wine cellar, and the upper part of the winery castle can be built.
In 2012, the Laixi Municipal People's Government and Qingdao Dahaoheshan Wine Industry Co., Ltd. reached a strategic cooperation agreement to carry out the mine geological environment management and ecological restoration of the abandoned mining area. The agreement is clear that the governance work should be combined with economic development as the principle, based on the comprehensive improvement of the geological environment of the mine, with the goal of ecological restoration and reconstruction, and the improvement of the geological environment, with the expectation of generating maximum economic benefits and benefiting local residents, and ultimately improving and Beautify the geological environment and promote the construction of ecological civilization.
The People's Government of Laixi City organizes relevant departments of land and resources and related enterprises to scientifically plan the project's land occupation and industrial layout, so that the plan is scientific and reasonable and economically feasible. In order to effectively revitalize land resources, make full use of abandoned mine land, improve the ecological environment, and combine with the needs of enterprise development, government departments put forward a new innovative development model of "building wineries with abandoned mines as the core area and radiating the development of grape planting in the surrounding areas.
"This not only improves the level of land conservation and intensive use, invigorates idle and inefficient land resources, but also rehabilitates the surrounding ecological environment, avoids the geological disasters caused by mineral development to the greatest extent, eliminates the damage to the topography and landscape, and realizes the coordinated development of economic, resource and environmental benefits, It has set a new model for the development of comprehensive mine geological environment management industry." Tang Wenliang of Qingdao Bureau of Geomines said.
The completion of the nine-top manor has truly realized the transformation of abandoned mines into treasure. The implementation of the project has promoted the development of local agriculture, processing industry, tourism and other industries, and led the surrounding villagers to plant more than 2000 mu of grapes, with an annual output value of 80 million yuan. The company also plans to build a grape planting base of about 5000 mu in the future, with an annual wine sales income of 0.2 billion yuan and tax revenue of 16 million yuan, so as to achieve a win-win situation for the government, enterprises, society and local residents.
Mine Ecological Restoration Makes "Beautiful Qingdao" More Beautiful
As the vehicles went north in the white snow, the hills were shining in the snow. Looking at the distant mountains wrapped in silver, a closer look at the roadside farmland goose down cotton quilt under the wheat seedlings show a little green.
The leader in charge of the Qingdao Bureau, the nearly 1.8-meter-old "big man" spoke sonorously and forcefully, with the elegance and humor of Shandong people.
"The beauty of Qingdao is from the inside out, with mountains and water on the ground and abundant gold and silver deposits underground. But because people's awareness of ecological protection is not strong a few years ago, extensive mining has left scars on this beautiful island city. In the new era, building an ecological environment with green water and green mountains has become a social consensus, and we have the responsibility and obligation to heal these scars and return Qingdao to beauty." Speaking of the mining in Qingdao in the past, the leaders in charge of the Qingdao Bureau felt a little regretful, but when it came to the ecological restoration and management of the mine, the tone was firm, showing their firm determination to devote themselves to the ecological restoration of the mine.
As he said, in recent years, the Qingdao Municipal Party Committee and Government has attached great importance to the ecological restoration of mines, listed the ecological restoration of mines as an important part of the construction of "beautiful Qingdao", compacted the main responsibility, increased capital investment, improved the system and mechanism, and innovated Governance model, multiple measures, local conditions, and actively promote the ecological restoration of historical mines.
The reporter learned that in May 2017, the Qingdao Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government issued the "Implementation Plan on Accelerating the Construction of Ecological Civilization", which included "carrying out mine geological and ecological restoration and governance" as an important part of the construction of "Beautiful Qingdao. The Qingdao Municipal Bureau of Land Resources and Housing (now the Qingdao Municipal Bureau of Natural Resources and Planning) responded quickly and, together with other relevant departments, issued the "Qingdao Mine Geological Environment Restoration and Comprehensive Management Work Plan" to restore and comprehensively manage the city's mine geological environment. Comprehensive deployment of management work.
From April to June 2017, Qingdao City carried out the third round of mine geological environment survey, and organized a systematic investigation of the types, distribution, scale and hazard of geological environmental problems in mines under construction, production mines, historical mines and policy closed mines.
From September of the same year to May 2018, relevant districts and cities of Qingdao carried out supplementary investigations, and for the first time systematically and comprehensively found out the geological environment of Qingdao's mines. On this basis, the preparation of "Qingdao Mine Geological Environment Protection and Management Plan (2018-2025)" was actively carried out.
The "Plan" shows that by 2025, the responsibility for the protection and management of the geological environment of mines will be fully implemented, the geological environment of new and production mines will be effectively protected and timely managed, and the geological environment of mines left over from history within the visual scope of the "three zones and two lines" The governance must be basically completed and achieved remarkable results.
Up to now, the central and local governments at all levels of Qingdao mine restoration work have invested about 0.9 billion yuan to treat 150 abandoned mines, covering an area of more than 290 hectares, and explored a series of experience in mine ecological restoration and management.
Give full play to the advantages of geological technology and expand the service field
Under the background of Qingdao Natural Resources and Planning Bureau taking multiple measures and making great strides towards green ecological development, a variety of cooperation models came into being.
A number of mine governance models, such as "PPP and environmental governance industry development", have achieved good results through practice with geological prospecting units and other relevant units.
It is understood that Qingdao West Coast New area, located on the west bank of Jiaozhou Bay, is the ninth state-level new area approved by the State Council and was selected as the first batch of state-level ecological protection and construction demonstration areas in 2015.
However, due to historical quarrying activities, these quarries have formed steep exposed and damaged mountains and quarry cliffs, forming serious geological hazards, occupying a large amount of land resources, destroying the surrounding ecological environment, and causing great Visual pollution affects the overall image of the West Coast New District.
For this situation, the leaders of the bureau see in the eye, pain in the heart. In order to find a way to manage quickly, the bureau leaders thought of a variety of methods. By chance, the leaders of the bureau and the leaders of the Qingdao Geological Engineering Exploration Institute of Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (hereinafter referred to as the "Geological Institute") inadvertently talked about the problems in mine slope management and expressed their willingness to take over this "hot potato".
Thus a new market model of geological exploration units came into being-"government social cooperation". This is also the first PPP project undertaken by the Shandong Geological and Mineral System. In this ecological restoration battle, the social capital side and the government jointly established an organization. In addition to design and construction, the undertaking unit-the Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, the Youth Exploration Institute It is also responsible for project investment and financing, maintenance, and operation. With excellent equipment, excellent personnel and scientific and rigorous management, the project has been built into a demonstration project of Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and mineral resources.
"The PPP project operation model is a model in which the government and social capital cooperate to participate in infrastructure construction. Since its deployment and promotion in 2015, it has developed rapidly and has become a powerful tool for leveraging social capital investment and accelerating the construction of livelihood projects." In the interview, Liu Honghua, president of the hospital, told reporters.
In fact, in the final analysis, it is through comprehensive management, combined with the conditions of mountain renovation and market demand, to actively develop economic forest, nursery, ecological breeding, characteristic agriculture, ecological tourism and other industries by using the resources formed by the renovation, such as forest land and cultivated land, to obtain operating income.
It can be said that this move of the Youth Exploration Institute has completely broken through the barriers to the development of the geological exploration industry. They give full play to the advantages of geological technology, expand service areas, and promote geological work and natural resources, urban construction, planning, transportation, marine, agriculture, environmental protection, tourism and other industries. Deep integration allows the geological industry to be interconnected and integrated with other related industries.
"In the near future, a new green life is bound to burst out in this once bare stone mountain. A piece of health resorts with health, vacation, leisure and sightseeing in one, have sprung up here, forming a characteristic agricultural and ecological tourism industry, adding another beautiful scenery to Qingdao." When the leader in charge of Qingdao Bureau said this, his eyes shone brilliantly.
By point-to-face, point-to-face combination, experience and practice emerge in endlessly.
As the saying goes, everything is difficult at the beginning.
The Qingdao Municipal Bureau of Natural Resources and Planning has identified the "context" of solving the problem of ecological restoration in the work of mine ecological restoration, and has developed a variety of governance models for different environments and different regions.
For example, the self-governance model of mining enterprises, the city's mining enterprises or mining rights owners actively fulfill their legal obligations and social responsibilities, hire geological prospecting units to design, construct, and supervise, which are organized and accepted by government departments, which not only reflects "who develops, who protects, who destroys The principle of" governance "also provides a demonstration and direction for the solution of similar mine governance problems in the city.
The Natural Resources Planning Bureau of Qingdao City, Shandong Province insists on giving priority to conservation, protection and natural restoration in the process of promoting the construction of ecological civilization, and applies it to its work.
-In the natural restoration mode, the mining surface of the mine, such as low damage degree, simple treatment can be used, and the village has demand. After the bureau has taken protective measures, it has shifted from artificial construction to natural restoration, reducing artificial intervention, with zero economic input and realizing harmony and unity with the surrounding environment.
-For mines that are lost by the responsible subject, the bureau takes the initiative to fulfill the obligation of geological environment governance in the mode of local government investment governance. For example, the open-pit mine in Laoshan District, which has been closed since the 1990 s, has left many abandoned quarries, and the responsible subjects have been lost. In recent years, the geological environment of the mine has been treated through local government investment. The construction design adopts the methods of anchor spray, planting and greening, water preservation, etc. to restore the mine pit to a natural state as much as possible, which is in harmony with Laoshan Scenic Area.
-For projects that meet the support of the state, the bureau will speed up the resolution of mine geological environment problems left over from history during the planned economy period and the loss of the responsible person. Up to now, a total of 26 mine geological environment management projects in Qingdao have received national financial support. Taking the geological environment treatment project of abandoned mines in Huayin Community, Xiazhuang Street, Chengyang District, as an example, the central fund is 31.52 million yuan and the local matching fund is 31.52 million yuan. Through treatment, the original geological hidden dangers and visual pollution have been eliminated, the original dilapidated mountains have become lush, and the image of the city has been improved.
Everything in the past is a preface. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Every generation has its own Long March, and every generation must take its own Long March." The witness of the development of mine ecological restoration in Qingdao has taken an important step on the long march of mine ecological restoration with the most pragmatic work style. □ (Liu Yayan, Zhang Li, Zhang Jiyong)
Website Editor: Gong Li
