The car traveled along the winding mountain road and soon reached the top of the mountain. Here green grass, green trees into forests, flowers in full bloom, occasionally wild small animals from the roadside, and see birds skimming ...... The former "mined-out area", has become a beginning to take shape "hanging garden", which is after ecological restoration of Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, Linwu County, laziling thirty-six bay mining area, a place comparable to the garden.
Restoration of the Thirty-Six Bay Mining Area
The overall plan draws a blueprint for repair.
The Thirty-Six Bay Mining Area is located to the north of Linwu County. It is an important catchment area in the Xiangjiang River Basin and the Pearl River Basin. The mining area is about 48 square kilometers. It has the reputation of "the hometown of small non-ferrous metals" and "Xiangnan Treasure Basin". More than 400 years of mining history have made important contributions to local economic development, but the long-term indiscriminate mining has also severely damaged the local ecological environment.
In order to further improve the ecological environment, with the efforts of the natural resources department of Hunan Province, in 2013, the management of the Thirty-Six Bay mining area was included in the category of "No. 1 Key Project" for ecological protection and restoration of the Xiangjiang River Basin and Dongting Lake in Hunan Province. In 2018, the mining area successfully applied for the third batch of national pilot projects for ecological protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses. The project implementation period is from 2018 to 2020, and the project management area is about 289 square kilometers.
Before the implementation of the project, Linwu County specially established a headquarters with the county party committee secretary as the consultant, the county magistrate as the commander, the executive deputy county magistrate and the deputy county magistrate in charge as the deputy commander, and the main heads of relevant functional departments as members. Responsible for coordinating the implementation of the project, and issued the "Implementation Plan for the Ecological Protection and Restoration Project of Landscape, Forest, Field, Lake and Grass in the Thirty-Six Bay Mining Area in Linwu County, draw the blueprint for the repair.
In order to achieve the goal of adding or restoring 2500 mu of forest land and 2000 mu of grassland, Linwu County adheres to the principles of comprehensive management and systematic restoration, establishes a scientific index system, and makes an overall plan for the restoration of Thirty-Six Bay Mining Area in view of open pit excavation damage, mine geological disasters, dredging and drainage, excessive heavy metals, waste rock piles, industrial squares, and excessive heavy metals in soil.
According to the introduction of the construction party of the project and the relevant person in charge of Hunan 402 team, the open pit stope, industrial square and waste rock pile are treated by means of landform remodeling and vegetation reconstruction, and the vegetation restoration is carried out according to the method of "combination of arbor and shrub and complementation of rattan and grass". At the same time, some typical mining relics, mine roads and construction roads are reserved, and necessary maintenance and supporting facilities are built to build the laziling popular science recreation area, and according to the restored topography to create "three areas, eight traces, two lines". At the same time, the "54211" project plan has also been formulated, that is, the ecological environment restoration areas in five mining areas, such as Ganxi River, Monkey River, Lashui River, Paixing River and Xiejiang River Basin, and four types of restoration projects: mining damaged mountain restoration project, mining damaged water body restoration project, mining pressure occupied forest and grassland ecological restoration project and mining damaged farmland restoration project, 21 restoration projects including the ecological environment protection and restoration project of the waste rock pile and industrial square in the south of Tongtian Mountain, and the Wushui Sanjiangkou land ecological restoration project, built a laziling mine ecological protection and restoration demonstration area, eliminated all kinds of mine geological disasters such as dangerous rock mass, landslide and debris flow, made full use of all kinds of existing resources, created geological relic landscape according to local conditions, and endowed the mining area with humanistic feelings, cultural connotation and spiritual belief, it has laid a good foundation for the subsequent development of industrialization.
Thirty-six Bay mine restoration project provides a good reference for the treatment of abandoned non-ferrous metal mines. To show new achievements in the construction of ecological civilization, we must do a good job in overall planning. We should not only control the increment of mine ecological environment problems, but also actively reduce the stock of mine ecological environment problems, and really put "protecting one mountain, one water, one plant and one tree" into practice.
"Five chaos and common governance" to protect green water and green mountains
In the comprehensive environmental management of the Thirty-Six Bay mining area, the party committees and governments at the two levels of Chenzhou City and Linwu County insisted on proceeding from reality, firmly establishing the concept of ecological civilization that respects nature, conforms to nature, and protects nature, and determined the "solid foundation and clear source, first The governance idea of" up and down, industrial transformation, in view of the five major problems of illegal mining and dressing, many employees, many ecological environment pollution, many hidden dangers in production safety, and many contradictions and disputes related to mining, a comprehensive treatment plan of "five chaos and simultaneous governance" has been formulated, which has started the journey of protecting green waters and green mountains.
Insist on fighting chaos. With the determination of strong men to break their wrists and the courage to scrape bones and heal injuries, the "shock therapy" was implemented in the 36 Bay and Xianghualing mining areas. The city leaders personally took the lead, and the county leaders personally led the team from the public security, land, environmental protection, safety supervision, The mine law enforcement brigade and other relevant departments and towns have transferred personnel to organize a team of nearly 300 people every day to conduct centralized rectification of the 36 Bay mining areas. A total of 1100 illegal mines, 3500 sets (pieces) of machinery and equipment were dismantled and destroyed, more than 5000 factory sheds were demolished and burned, and more than 100000 employees were demobilized. In order to prevent the resurgence of illegal enterprises, Linwu County has also established a long-term mechanism, carried out daily inspections, and always maintained a high-pressure situation of fighting against illegal violations, ensuring the smooth development of ecological restoration and governance in the mining area.
Insist on controlling mines. The resources of the licensed mine in the 36th Bay mining area were integrated and reorganized, and the Southern Mining Co., Ltd. and Xianghualing Tin Industry Co., Ltd. were established to vigorously promote technological upgrading and transformation, do a good job in the intensive processing of mineral products, and improve the utilization rate of resources. Southern Mining Co., Ltd. has obtained 14 national patents, and Xianghualing tin products have become a well-known domestic brand, and mining development has embarked on an orderly development.
Adhere to the mountain. In accordance with the principle of "grass is suitable for grass, forest is suitable for forest, trees and shrubs are combined, and rattan and grass are complementary", the ecological restoration and management project of the Thirty-Six Bay mining area is fully implemented, the "Green Mine Construction Cleanliness, Greening and Beautification Standard" is formulated, and the construction of "mine restoration" and "garden-style mine" is vigorously promoted, hillsides have been closed for afforestation of 4160 hectares and artificial afforestation of 3270 hectares. At the same time, enterprises are actively urged to assume the main responsibility for greening, and more than 600 mu of heavy metal contaminated land in the mining area, more than 400 mu of greening, more than 100 mu of reclamation, 280000 square meters of grass planting and 60000 saplings have been completed. The ecological environment of the mining area has been significantly improved.
Adhere to water control. More than 4000 million yuan has been invested in the construction of 136 centralized water supply projects, which has solved the drinking water safety problem of more than 150000 people in 36 Bay and surrounding areas. The establishment of special funds for soil and water conservation and the implementation of water and soil conservation and irrigation projects have solved the irrigation problem of more than 20000 mu of arable land in 16 administrative villages and promoted the development of the local economy.
Insist on pollution control. Measures such as "cracking down on illegal activities, building walls and stones, blocking rivers and sand, dredging and protecting dikes, deep waste water, covering soil and green, and industrial upgrading" were taken to invest 0.58 billion yuan in centralized and comprehensive treatment of the area. At the same time, adhere to green development, vigorously develop wind power generation, and actively promote transformation and upgrading. The 36 Bay wind farm with the largest scale and the best wind power in southern Hunan has been built, which has played a good role in promoting the development of clean energy in Hunan Province and Chenzhou. The establishment of large-scale breeding of cattle, sheep, Linwu ducks, etc., takes the efficient ecological road of modern ecological agriculture that takes into account both "quality" and "quantity", and realizes the organic unity of ecological and economic benefits.
At the end of December 2020, the main project of the project was completed, and it successfully passed the acceptance and sales number of Chenzhou Natural Resources and Planning Bureau and Hunan Provincial Natural Resources Department, which made a useful exploration for solving the ecological environment problem.
Good ecology brings good life
Landscape is the most beautiful business card in Hunan, and ecology is the largest resource in Hunan. It is the proper meaning of ecological civilization construction and the common expectation of people to return a piece of green water and green mountains and a local golden mountain and silver mountain to realize the utilization of waste resources, build a beautiful ecological environment and promote local economic development.
For the sake of the green waters and green mountains of the land of Sanxiang, and for the fathers and villagers of the land of Sanxiang, there is such a group of people who firmly establish the concept of "green waters and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains", running between mountains and rivers, and in the scorching sun. Survey the status quo of abandoned mines, study mine ecological restoration plans accompanied by stars, and show new achievements in the construction of ecological civilization.
Mine ecological restoration is a complex systematic project. We should adhere to the basic law of "respecting nature, conforming to nature and protecting nature", and gradually integrate into the integrated protection and restoration system of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses, so as to achieve scientific and systematic restoration.
The thirty-six bay mining area is in steep terrain and harsh conditions, and the transfer of materials requires shoulder-mounted horse camels, which is extremely difficult. In the process of governance, in view of the characteristics of a wide range of points and complex terrain, all parties concerned have made concerted efforts to form a set of "multidisciplinary integration" cooperation mechanism of market co-development, qualification co-construction, information sharing, technology co-creation and achievement sharing, and make full use of satellite remote sensing technology, high-altitude fixed-wing UAV aerial survey technology and low-altitude rotor UAV aerial survey technology to practice the integrated collaborative exploration method of space and earth.
The reporter learned in the interview that the Thirty-Six Bay Mining Area has comprehensively dealt with the ecological and environmental problems left over from the history of the mine through projects such as the restoration of the mountain damaged by mining, the restoration of the water body damaged by mining, the ecological restoration of the forest and grassland occupied by mining, and the restoration of the farmland damaged by mining., Eliminated the hidden dangers of mine geological disasters, repaired damaged arable land, added or repaired 2500 mu of forest land, and 2000 mu of grassland, focus on building a popular science area for mining relics in laziling, realizing biodiversity and improving the ecological environment and living environment of the mining area.
At the same time, through river regulation, the water flow is smoother, the river bank is relatively straight, the river channel tends to be channelized, the comprehensive roughness rate of the river channel is reduced, and the water flow speed is increased, so as to avoid the situation that the flood in the high water season will wash away and overflow the existing river embankment and inundate the land along the coast. Through ecological restoration of mining damaged land, about 650 mu of cultivated land will be restored, which is expected to increase of revenue by 600000 yuan, growing cash crops increases income by about 10 million yuan per year.
Restoration of soil and water on one side for the benefit of the people on the other side. Luo Zhiyong, deputy director of the Natural Resources Bureau of Linwu County, said that through the implementation of the project, the appearance of the mining area full of holes and waste rocks has been effectively improved, and it has become a lush, flowers and plants-covered mining relic science popularization area. The forest and grassland once occupied by waste rocks has been restored due to the planting of vegetation, and the land occupied by waste rocks and waste residues has been repaired and crops have been planted again, the water bodies once damaged by mining have been further repaired, and the people have drunk clean sweet springs ...... The rise of green mining, agriculture, forestry and fruit industry, animal husbandry and aquatic products, agricultural processing, and wind power generation has also provided a feasible path for local economic and social transformation and development, improved the quality of life of the local people, and achieved good economic and social benefits.
The ecological restoration of the Thirty-Six Bay mining area is a vivid practice to strengthen the construction of ecological civilization and a microcosm of the scientific system restoration of abandoned mines. We firmly believe that as one abandoned mine after another is restored and reused, the ecological restoration of mines in my country will embark on a standardized and orderly development path.
Website Editor: Gong Li
