24
2021
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03
Analysis of the progress and trend of underground metal mining technology and down-the-hole drilling rig
At present, China has introduced advanced mining technology from abroad, and the development trend of underground mining equipment all over the world presents the application of open-air fine perforation equipment to the underground, so it reflects the development direction of large-scale, energy-saving and automation.
At present, China has introduced advanced mining technology from abroad, and the development trend of underground mining equipment all over the world presents the application of open-air fine perforation equipment to the underground, so it reflects the development direction of large-scale, energy-saving and automation.
1 Underground metal mining technology and equipment
1.1 Remain Mining
In the past, the drilling rig model we used was TII-4 mm, 40mm in diameter and 1.5m in depth. In the subsequent development process, we began to apply heavy rock drills with diameters of 60mm to 80mm. The diameter of the down-the-hole drilling machine is 100mm ~ 120mm, until the 1980 s, China's application of the form of mining, making the mining of non-ferrous metals account for 34% of the total ore.
1.2 caving mining
In the 1950 s, different types of mining rigs, such as YQ-100, were applied. Rock drilling belonged to medium-deep holes, and the amount of mining in this form was 35%. Until the 1980 s, high wind pressure down-the-hole drilling rigs and tooth wheel drilling rigs were applied.
1.3 open field mining method
In the 1970 s, many mining fields in China applied the form of open field mining. After the 1980 s, the application of this mining method increased the mining volume by 15%. From the 1950 s, the application of TII-4, medium and deep holes, after the application of YG-40.
1.4 VGR method
In the 1970 s, L CLang proposed the VGR method, which allows open-pit mining equipment to be implanted underground to achieve effective mining. This method has been widely used in the United States, Spain, Canada and other countries. For Fankou Mine, Sweden's ROC306 model and China's DQ-150-type down-the-hole drilling rig with a diameter of 100mm to 165mm are mainly used to drop ore layer by layer from top to bottom by means of spherical cartridge. Therefore, this method is also called FDQ method.
1.5 large-scale underground mining
In this way, effective mining can be carried out for deep hole drilling and large diameter aperture, realizing large stope stage and continuous mechanical mining. The application of this mining mode has very high requirements for traditional equipment. The diameter needs to meet the drilling depth of 100mm to 250mm,50m to 100m, and the parallel slope is 1%.
1.6 Underground Continuous Mining Technology
For the exploration of underground mining technology and the research of related equipment, in the 1980 s, the Nonferrous Corporation conducted a systematic exploration of the process and technology, and achieved certain results, making the large-aperture rock drilling rig for my country's underground Continuous mining has opened up a new period.
2 Development of underground metal mining down-the-hole drilling rig
Advantage Analysis of 2.1 DTH Drill
Because the down-the-hole drilling rig currently used in the mining process has the advantages of relatively small volume, light weight and simple structure, it is a very important equipment in underground mining. For example, in the 1970 s, the application of skid-type underframe down-the-hole drilling rig was not widely used because the equipment did not have high efficiency and was difficult to move. Canadian Metals then retrofitted an open pit DTH rig for use in underground mining and co-manufactured the VCR mining method with other companies. The underground mining used by the Swedish state also has a very desirable effect in VCR mining.
Development Analysis of 2.2 DTH Drilling Rig
Since the 1980 s, due to the rapid development of underground mining and down-the-hole drilling rigs, scientific researchers have developed self-propelled down-the-hole drilling rigs with guide rails and high precision, including: down-the-hole drilling rig M188, which is manufactured by Swedish company, including cop62 down-the-hole percussion machine and column tooth drill bit, 165mm in diameter, which can drill down holes and up holes 100m deep. In the implementation of drilling parallel, the drill can be positioned by means of laser. The laser can be installed at one end of the roadway and then transmitted to the two targets on the right side as guidance. The inclinometer of drilling rig 29 can adjust the position of the propeller in combination with the specific drilling direction. Other equipment can stabilize the wind pressure to ensure a stable rotating speed and control the drilling sound hole slope within 1%.
Application Analysis of 2.3 DTH Drill
At the same time, the SQZ-1 down-the-hole drilling vehicle is also applied. This down-the-hole drilling vehicle is independently developed by our country and has an important application in the deep-hole segmented blasting excavation patio drilling. The drilling vehicle can control the drilling slope within 1%. The drilling vehicle has a diameter of 100mm, a depth of 40m to 50m, and a very small volume. It can be transferred to the patio range by one positioning. The cost of all parallel holes is very low, it is widely used in small and medium-sized mines.
Optimization Analysis of 2.4 DTH Drill
After the 1990 s, people attached great importance to the performance of metal drilling machines, and optimized various products to give them more functions. Canada and other companies have applied multi-functional rock drilling and perforation equipment, which can meet the requirements of high-precision deep hole of VCR mining technology. With the help of continuous mining system, CD series down-the-hole drilling rig has been developed. It belongs to the combination of patio drilling rig and down-the-hole drilling. It can not only realize drilling of patio, but also realize down-the-hole drilling, optimize drilling tools, and provide more efficient and scientific equipment for mining industry. Expand functions, the new drill pipe can be used to increase the drilling depth, and the drilling range of high-performance bricks and impactors can be expanded to achieve the performance expansion of down-the-hole drilling rigs.
3 Development trend analysis
At present, China has actively cited foreign advanced equipment, innovated technology, independently developed different types of perforation equipment, and the technical parameters of some equipment have been in line with the world's advanced level. But to some extent, the analysis, whether it is product variety, application effect, life, there is still a gap with developed countries. Therefore, the research and development of underground metal perforation equipment needs to be continuously developed.
3.1 constantly develop new products
Continuously develop new products to enrich the types of equipment in order to respond to the complex and changing geological conditions of metal mining, improve the manufacturing level of mining equipment, increase efforts to reduce costs and improve product quality. In addition, for underground perforation equipment, it is necessary to combine microcomputers, which is an inevitable trend of future development.
3.2 to automate
At present, the United Kingdom, the United States, France and other countries, for the combination of perforation equipment and microcomputers, the service life and accuracy of drilling has been effectively improved, the liberation of human resources, the full realization of automation. When the lighting level is not ideal, the floor is slippery, and the environment is not good, the remote control of the drilling part can be realized, and the parameter changes can be collected and automatically recorded. Therefore, in the future, we should make a revolution to intelligence and automation, and promote the renewal and upgrading of mining drilling and piercing equipment in China.
4 Conclusion
In short, in the process of implementing metal mining, especially for higher value metal mining work, the form of underground mining needs to be applied. With the continuous improvement and improvement of current mining technology, the level of perforation equipment has been significantly improved. At present, China has actively cited foreign advanced equipment, innovated technology, and independently developed different types of perforation equipment, but the technology is still imperfect and needs further improvement and discussion.
Original: Ye Wu
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